A Preliminary Study of the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Individual Growth and Rumen Development in Calves with Different Feeding Patterns.

At present, it is common to feed calves with "Concentrate", "Concentrate + hay" and TMR "Total Mixed Rations" feeding patterns in China, which achieved well feeding efficiency, but the three feeding patterns molecular regulation mechanism in actual production is still unclear. The study aimed to explore the most suitable feeding pattern for Chinese Holstein calves to improve the rumen fermentation function and growth performance of calves. In this regard, the interactions between rumen microorganisms and host metabolism were investigated.

The effects of differential feeding on ileum development, digestive ability and health status of newborn calves.

Pre-weaning is the most important period for the growth and development of calves. Intestinal morphology, microbial community and immunity are initially constructed at this stage, and even have a lifelong impact on calves. Early feeding patterns have a significant impact on gastrointestinal development and microbial communities.

Integration of Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Profiles Reveals the Mechanisms of Rumen Development Induced by Different Types of Diet in Calves.

Selecting suitable feed types and understanding the gastrointestinal digestive mechanism are helpful for the growth and health of calves in intensive dairy farming. However, the effects on rumen development of changing the molecular genetic basis and the regulatory mechanism by using different feed types are still unclear. Nine 7-day-old Holstein bull calves were randomly divided into GF (concentrate), GFF (alfalfa: oat grass = 3:2) and TMR (concentrate: alfalfa grass: oat grass: water = 0.