Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Infections in the Central Nervous System.

Purpose: infections are rare in the central nervous system (CNS) and frequently difficult-to-diagnose. Our goal is to assess CNS listeriosis patients' clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Patients And Methods: Patients with CNS listeriosis admitted to the Department of neurology, the first medical center of the Chinese PLA general hospital, were enrolled in this study from March 2018 to August 2022.

Symptomatic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Background: The pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) is poorly understood at present. Symptomatic TACs are rarely reported in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). To better clarify this distinct clinical manifestation in NMOSD and to investigate its possible pathophysiology, we reviewed articles describing such cases including our own case.

Similarities and differences between SUNCT and SUNA: a cross-sectional, multicentre study of 76 patients in China.

Background: Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) have not been evaluated sufficiently due to limited data, particularly in China.

Methods: Patients with SUNCT or SUNA treated in a tertiary headache centre or seven other headache clinics of China between April 2009 and July 2022 were studied; we compared their demographics and clinical phenotypes.

Results: The 45 patients with SUNCT and 31 patients with SUNA had mean ages at onset of 37.

Pre-attack and pre-episode symptoms in cluster headache: a multicenter cross-sectional study of 327 Chinese patients.

Background: There have been a few studies regarding the pre-attack symptoms (PAS) and pre-episode symptoms (PES) of cluster headache (CH), but none have been conducted in the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and features of PAS and PES in Chinese patients, as well as to investigate their relationships with pertinent factors.

Methods: The study included patients who visited a tertiary headache center and nine other headache clinics between January 2019 and September 2021.

Bilateral parafalcine cortical and leptomeningeal impairment in MOG antibody disease and AQP4 neuromyelitis optica.

Objective: Bilateral parafalcine cortical and leptomeningeal impairment (BPCLI) is a rare finding observed in cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The failure to recognize BPCLI may lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. This study aimed to delineate the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with BPCLI.

Lower motor neuron involvement in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Background: Involvement of the central gray matter of spinal cord is a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG) positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, there has been no systemic electrophysiological study investigating the frequency of lower motor neuron involvement in NMOSD patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 59 NMOSD patients with results of concentric needle electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) that were admitted to the Department of Neurology of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2019.

Pruritus in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Differential diagnosis between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) at early stage remains challenging at present. Pruritus is reported as a common or specific feature in NMOSD with serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG). We aim to verify whether pruritus can help in distinguishing NMOSD from MS.

Application of the 2015 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders diagnostic criteria in a cohort of Chinese patients.

Background: There is no validation study evaluating 2015 International Panel for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders (NMOSD) diagnosis (IPND) criteria in Chinese population. The association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin-G (MOG-IgG) with NMOSD was also not investigated in previous validation studies. Hence, we aimed to validate the 2015 NMOSD criteria in a cohort of Chinese patients, and to assess the association between MOG-IgG and NMOSD.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Infectious Encephalitis and Meningitis: A Large, Prospective Case Series of 213 Patients.

We assessed the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of infectious encephalitis and meningitis. This was a prospective multicenter study. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with viral encephalitis and/or meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, bacterial meningitis, fungal meningitis, and non-central nervous system (CNS) infections were subjected to mNGS.

Aseptic meningitis as an atypical manifestation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder flare.

Background: Inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by aseptic meningitis is rare and can be easily confused with intracranial infection. Here, we investigated the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients with a meningitis-like presentation.

Methods: From a total of six attacks, five patients were identified.

Brain Atrophy Associated with Primary Diffuse Meningeal Melanomatosis.

Background: Primary meningeal melanomatosis is a rare leptomeningeal tumor, and the diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiologic findings.

Case Description: A 21-year-old man presented with recurrent seizure and impaired memory. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed obvious brain atrophy with bilateral extensive meningeal enhancement in the supratentorial region.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with headache amongst medical staff in South China.

Background: A previous study by our team reported the prevalence of primary headache disorders and factors associated with headache among nurses in three hospitals in North China. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to learn more about how medical nurses in South China were affected by headache. Additionally, we determined the prevalence of headache and measured the impact of headache among doctors in mainland China for the first time.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder occurred after interferon alpha therapy in malignant melanoma.

Background: Several cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) caused by interferon alpha (IFN-α) treatment in hepatitis C were reported in past literatures, but NMOSD resulted from IFN-α treatment in tumor has not yet been reported previously.

Methods: A unique case of NMOSD caused by IFN-α therapy in malignant melanoma is presented. Related cases about NMOSD caused by IFN-α therapy on Pubmed were reviewed further.

Suspected bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis as the trigger or presentation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder flare.

Background: Suspected bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis as the presentation or trigger of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) flare has not been reported in literature.

Case Presentation: A 29 year old female, who has a history of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) for 6 years, presented with symptoms of meningitits, encephalitis, myelitis, headache and fever. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis (1131 × 10/L [83% neutrophils]) and a glucose level of 39.

Alterations of White Matter Connectivity in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose To investigate the topologic architecture of white matter connectivity networks in preschool-aged children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus typical development (TD). Materials and Methods Forty-two participants were enrolled, including 21 preschool children with ASD (14 male children and seven female children; mean age, 4.56 years ± 0.

Two de novo variations identified by massively parallel sequencing in 13 Chinese families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behaviors. The genetic architecture of ASD has been elucidated, including chromosomal rearrangements, de novo or inherited rare variants, and copy number variants. However, the genetic mechanism of Chinese families with ASD children is explored rarely.

A case report of cough headache with transient elevation of intracranial pressure and bilateral internal jugular vein valve incompetence: A primary or secondary headache?

Background Primary cough headache (PCH) is precipitated by coughing or the Valsalva manoeuver (VM), and its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Case report We report a case of recurrent cough headaches precipitated by VM with transient increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) diagnosed by measuring left sigmoid sinus pressure. Bilateral internal jugular vein valve incompetence (IJVVI) was also diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography during a VM.

Familial occurrence of headache disorders: A population-based study in mainland China.

Background: Headache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, and familial occurrence and heredity are contributory factors attracting the interest of epidemiological researchers. Our purpose, in a large sample drawn nationwide from the Chinese general population, was to evaluate the frequency of similar headache in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of those with different headache types.

Methods: This was a questionnaire-based nationwide cross-sectional door-to-door survey using cluster random-sampling, selecting one adult (18-65 years) per household.

Elevated blood pressure and headache disorders in China--associations, under-treatment and implications for public health.

Background: Both hypertension (HTN) and headache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide. Our purpose, in a nationwide study of the Chinese general population, was to evaluate any association between primary headache disorders and elevated blood pressure (eBP). We could not collect data on antihypertensive therapy, but took the view that, whatever such therapy might be taken, eBP was a sign that it was failing to meet treatment needs.

The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D): a risk factor of migraine and tension-type headache.

Background: Migraine and Tension-type headache (TTH) are common and disabling primary headache disorders. They are more prevalent in females. The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic in humans and is considered to be a marker for the balance of prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure.

High prevalence of headaches in patients with epilepsy.

Background: To examine the association between headaches and epilepsy.

Methods: Consecutive adult epileptic patients who went to the outpatient clinic of the Epilepsy Center of PLA General Hospital between February 01, 2012, and May 10, 2013, were recruited into this study. A total of 1109 patients with epilepsy completed a questionnaire regarding headaches.

Medication-overuse headache in China: clinical profile, and an evaluation of the ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria.

Background: Although medication-overuse headache (MOH) is common in China, its clinical profile is not yet fully established. Meanwhile, ICHD-3 beta has been published, but its diagnostic criteria require further validation.

Methods: We retrospectively classified the clinical features of 240 consecutive patients with MOH (55 males, 185 females), whose demographic data, headache features, overused medications (type, quantity, frequency and duration of use), headache-attributed burden, and outcomes were reviewed.

Validation of a guideline-based decision support system for the diagnosis of primary headache disorders based on ICHD-3 beta.

Background: China may have the largest population of headache sufferers and therefore the most serious burden of disease worldwide. However, the rate of diagnosis for headache disorders is extremely low, possibly due to the relative complexity of headache subtypes and diagnostic criteria. The use of computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSS) seems to be a better choice to solve this problem.

Comorbidity between headache and epilepsy in a Chinese epileptic center.

Here we investigated the characteristics and prevalence of headaches in patients with epilepsy in a Chinese epileptic center based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition. We found that 60.14% (667/1109) of patients reported headaches.