Light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis is negatively regulated by chloroplast-originated OPDA signaling.

Stomatal movement is orchestrated by diverse signaling cascades and metabolic activities in guard cells. Light triggers the opening of the pores through the phototropin-mediated pathway, which leads to the activation of plasma membrane H-ATPase and thereby facilitates potassium accumulation through K channels. However, it remains poorly understood how phototropin signaling is fine-tuned to prevent excessive stomatal opening and consequent water loss.

Gunnilactams A-C, Macrocyclic Tetralactams from the Mycelial Culture of the Entomogenous Fungus Paecilomyces gunnii.

Three novel macrocyclic tetralactams, gunnilactam A (1), gunnilactam B (2), and gunnilactam C (3), were isolated from the submerged fermentation broth of Paecilomyces gunnii, an entomogenous fungus identified as the anamorph of Cordyceps gunnii. Their structures were determined using NMR data, HREIMS, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Gunnilactam A exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against human prostate cancer C42B cells with an IC value of 5.

A Sphingosine-type cerebroside in Clavicorona pyxidata induce fruit body formation.

Clavicorona pyxidata is a wild edible and medicinal mushroom that is rich in bioactive natural products and has thus been extensively used as traditional medicine in China. The present study has determined that the organic crude extract prepared from a fermented culture of C. pyxidata imparted auto-inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and then induced the formation of fruiting bodies.