Bioproduction and immunogenic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 prototype vaccine in silkworm BmN cells.

COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has presented a significant challenge to global health, security, and the economy. Vaccination is considered a crucial measure in preventing virus transmission. The silkworm bioreactor has gained widespread usage in antigen presentation, monoclonal antibody preparation, and subunit vaccine development due to its safety, efficiency, convenience, and cost-effectiveness.

Impact of the Transboundary Interference Inhibitor on RNAi and the Baculovirus Expression System in Insect Cells.

RNA interference inhibitors were initially discovered in plant viruses, representing a unique mechanism employed by these viruses to counteract host RNA interference. This mechanism has found extensive applications in plant disease resistance breeding and other fields; however, the impact of such interference inhibitors on insect cell RNA interference remains largely unknown. In this study, we screened three distinct interference inhibitors from plant and mammal viruses that act through different mechanisms and systematically investigated their effects on the insect cell cycle and baculovirus infection period at various time intervals.

Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan.

Objectives: Keeping in view the economic and veterinary public health importance of brucellosis, this research was conducted to determine its seroprevalence and associated risk determinants in small ruminants in district Khanewal, Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, and the sample size was calculated using C-survey 2.0.

Systematic analysis of innate immune-related genes in the silkworm: Application to antiviral research.

The silkworm, a crucial model organism of the Lepidoptera, offers an excellent platform for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the innate immune response of insects toward pathogens. Over the years, researchers worldwide have identified numerous immune-related genes in silkworms. However, these identified silkworm immune genes are not well classified and not well known to the scientific community.

Insights into midgut cell types and their crucial role in antiviral immunity in the lepidopteran model .

The midgut, a vital component of the digestive system in arthropods, serves as an interface between ingested food and the insect's physiology, playing a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and immune defense mechanisms. Distinct cell types, including columnar, enteroendocrine, goblet and regenerative cells, comprise the midgut in insects and contribute to its robust immune response. Enterocytes/columnar cells, the primary absorptive cells, facilitate the immune response through enzyme secretions, while regenerative cells play a crucial role in maintaining midgut integrity by continuously replenishing damaged cells and maintaining the continuity of the immune defense.

Applications and Potentials of a Silk Fibroin Nanoparticle Delivery System in Animal Husbandry.

Silk fibroin (SF), a unique natural polymeric fibrous protein extracted from cocoons, accounts for approximately 75% of the total mass of silk. It has great application prospects due to its outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and mechanical stability. Additionally, it is non-toxic and environmentally friendly.

Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan.

Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease of veterinary and public health importance with considerably higher prevalence in developing/underdeveloped countries. This study reports the prevalence and risk determinants of brucellosis in small ruminants of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, sera samples ( = 392) of small ruminants were collected and subjected to preliminary screening using commercially available RBPT reagents followed by serodetection of brucellosis using multispecies i-ELISA kit (ID.

A study on the epidemiology of brucellosis in bovine population of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan, southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterial pathogen belonging to the genus Brucella. It is one of the most frequent bacterial zoonoses globally but unfortunately, it is still considered as a neglected disease in the developing world. Keeping in view, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk determinants of brucellosis in large ruminants of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan-Pakistan.

Prevalence of antibodies to Toxocara canis and its associated risk factors in socio-economically deprived nomadic communities of Pakistan.

Toxocariasis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Toxocara (T.) canis with considerably higher prevalence in developing countries. The data on its epidemiology, especially in socioeconomically deprived nomadic communities, are scarce in Pakistan.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus induces BmFABP1 downregulation to promote viral proliferation.

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) play an important role as endogenous cytoprotectants. However, studies on FABPs in invertebrates are scarce. Previously, we discovered Bombyx mori fatty acid binding protein 1 (BmFABP1) through co-immunoprecipitation.

Mitigation potential of individual and combined dietary supplementation of local Bentonite Clay and Distillery Sludge against Ochratoxin-A induced toxicity in broilers.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of dietary supplementation of local bentonite clay (BN) and distillery sludge (DS) alone and in combination on ochratoxin-A (OTA) induced toxicity in broilers. For this purpose, day-old-broiler chicks (n = 270) were procured from the local market and reared under standard management conditions. After 7 days of acclimatization, birds were divided into 2 main groups A and B with respect to OTA inclusion level in feed, each with four sub-groups viz.

Potential Proteins Interactions with Nucleopolyhedrovirus Revealed by Co-Immunoprecipitation.

Virus-host interactions are critical for virus replication, virulence, and pathogenicity. The nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a typical model baculovirus, representing one of the most common and harmful pathogens in sericulture. Herein, we used co-immunoprecipitation to identify candidate proteins with potential interactions with BmNPV.

Impact of Group II Baculovirus IAPs on Virus-Induced Apoptosis in Insect Cells.

Apoptosis plays an important role in virus-host interactions and is a major element of the insect immune response. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of virus-induced apoptosis through the expression of apoptotic genes holds important research and application value. Functional research on the reported inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) mainly focuses on the group I baculovirus, while the functions of the group II baculovirus IAPs remains unclear.

MicroRNA-Mediated Host-Pathogen Interactions Between and Viruses.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides, have been reported to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are involved in several biological processes such as immunity, development, metabolism, and host-pathogen interactions. Apart from miRNAs encoded by the host, miRNAs produced by pathogens also regulate host genes to facilitate virus replication and evasion of the host defense responses. In recent years, accumulated studies suggest that viral infections alter the host miRNAs expression profile, and both cellular and viral miRNAs may play vital roles in host-pathogen interactions.

Heat Shock Protein 75 (TRAP1) facilitate the proliferation of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus.

The viruses utilize multiple cellular proteins to facilitate their proliferation. The Heat Shock Protein (HSP), the highly conserved protein in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, plays a critical role in facilitating viral proliferation. However, less is known about the role of the HSPs in the life cycles of the Baculoviruses.

Expression and functional characterization in yeast of an endoglucanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92 and its impact as feed additive in commercial broilers.

Some ingredients used in poultry feed formulation contain carbohydrate polymers which are difficult to digest and thus hinder nutritional feed value. Toward overcoming this limitation, exogenous enzymes have been added to poultry feed to improve its nutritive value. The present study was designed to provide first enzymatic characterization of endoglucanase (BsEgl) from the genome of B.

Alkaline phosphatase can promote the replication of Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 by interaction with its turret protein.

Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (BmCPV1) is a member of the Reoviridae family which is characterized by its single-layered capsid. Similar with other turreted viruses in the Reoviridae, transcription of BmCPV1 occurs inside the capsid, and the nascent mRNA is released to the turret which consists of five turret proteins (TPs) and located at the 5-fold axis of the outer capsid, then the capping enzyme TP will guanylate and methylate the nascent viral mRNA to produce a matured mRNA. However, during these processes, how the BmCPV1 draws other cellular proteins to facilitate its replication is still lesser-known.

Learning to breathe with Tai Chi online - qualitative data from a randomized controlled feasibility study of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Tai Chi (TC), a gentle exercise, incorporates meditative movement and respiratory control. The high risk of cross infection for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) requires close management in healthcare settings, limiting group activities such as TC. A mixed-methods randomized controlled feasibility study compared teaching TC over the internet with in-person, face to face TC tuition provided to CF patients.

Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of lanthanum titanate nanoparticles in albino mice in a sex-specific manner.

The aim of this study is to report the synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of lanthanum titanate nanoparticles (LT NPs) in albino mice. Microemulsion method was used to generate LT NPs. Seven-week-old albino mice of both sexes orally received 50 mg/ml saline/kg body weight of nanoparticles for 15 days (group 1) and 29 days (group 2).

Children and Adults Tai Chi Study (CF-CATS2): a randomised controlled feasibility study comparing internet-delivered with face-to-face Tai Chi lessons in cystic fibrosis.

Virtual healthcare is fast entering medical practice. Research into the feasibility of using it to teach treatment regimens such as exercise has not been explored. Maintaining an exercise regime can be difficult in cystic fibrosis: group classes risk potential infection, yet motivation is hard to maintain when alone.

Immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces based probiotics on pathological effects of eimeriasis in broilers.

Eimeria infection is very important in broilers and causes heavy economic losses in extensive farming system due to reduced weight gains, high mortality and poor feed conversion ratio (FCR). Under the circumstances, there is a dire need to devise effective control strategies to avoid/counteract this infectious threat. This study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces based probiotics against Eimeria infection in broilers.

Evaluation of Saccharum officinarum L. bagasse-derived polysaccharides as native immunomodulatory and anticoccidial agents in broilers.

Coccidiosis is one of the most important protozoal diseases of the poultry industry, inflicting heavy economic losses in the form of high mortality and morbidity in affected birds. Under these circumstances, the development of nonchemical consumer-friendly strategies for its effective control is of paramount importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.

Evaluation of immunostimulatory and immunotherapeutic effects of tropical mushroom (Lentinus edodes) against eimeriasis in chicken.

Mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) were processed for hot water (HWE), methanolic (ME), and polysaccharide (PSE) extracts. Polysaccharides were isolated through ion exchange (DEAE cellulose) and size exclusion (Sephadex G-100) chromatography. Monosaccharides including maltose (0.