First report of aflatoxin and ochratoxin contamination in ginger collected from different agroclimatic zones from Punjab, Pakistan.

Ginger, a fresh rhizome, an economically important spice with extensive nutraceutical activities finds itself in vegetable and therapeutic market. Aflatoxins (AFB, AFB, AFG and AFG) along with ochratoxin A (OTA) are the most significant and the most toxic form of mycotoxins which are produced by various fungi. This study was initiated to assess the contamination of AFs and OTA in raw and dried ginger products, collected from different agro-climatic zones in Punjab, Pakistan employing the high performance liquid chromatography.

GWAS in a Collection of Bulgarian Old and Modern Bread Wheat Accessions Uncovers Novel Genomic Loci for Grain Protein Content and Thousand Kernel Weight.

Genetic enhancement of grain production and quality is a priority in wheat breeding projects. In this study, we assessed two key agronomic traits-grain protein content (GPC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW)-across 179 Bulgarian contemporary and historic varieties and landraces across three growing seasons. Significant phenotypic variation existed for both traits among genotypes and seasons, and no discernible difference was evident between the old and modern accessions.

Nutritional Genomic Approach for Improving Grain Protein Content in Wheat.

Grain protein content (GPC) is a key aspect of grain quality, a major determinant of the flour functional properties and grain nutritional value of bread wheat. Exploiting diverse germplasms to identify genes for improving crop performance and grain nutritional quality is needed to enhance food security. Here, we evaluated GPC in a panel of 255 L.

Genetic Analyses of Seed Longevity in L. in Cold Storage Conditions.

Seed longevity is the most important trait in the genebank management system. No seed can remain infinitely viable. There are 1241 accessions of L.

Estimation of genetic diversity using seed storage protein (SSP) profiling in wild and cultivated species of Cicer L.

Background: The narrow genetic diversity of chickpea is a serious impediment to modern cultivar creation. Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are stable and have minimal or no degradation when subjected to isolation and SDS-PAGE.

Methods And Results: We have characterized SSPs of 436 chickpea genotypes, belonging to nine annual Cicer species, originated from 47 countries by SDS-PAGE and determined the extent of genetic diversity in chickpea through clustering.

A GBS-based genome-wide association study reveals the genetic basis of salinity tolerance at the seedling stage in bread wheat ( L.).

High salinity levels affect 20% of the cultivated area and 9%-34% of the irrigated agricultural land worldwide, ultimately leading to yield losses of crops. The current study evaluated seven salt tolerance-related traits at the seedling stage in a set of 138 pre-breeding lines (PBLs) and identified 63 highly significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) linked to salt tolerance. Different candidate genes were identified in analysis, many of which were involved in various stress conditions in plants, including glycine-rich cell wall structural protein 1-like, metacaspase-1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPA1, and plastidial GAPA1.

A GBS-Based GWAS Analysis of Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Diverse Pre-Breeding Germplasm of Bread Wheat ( L.).

Yellow (YR) and leaf (LR) rusts caused by f. sp. (Pst) and , respectively, are of utmost importance to wheat producers because of their qualitative and quantitative effect on yield.

QTL Analysis for Bread Wheat Seed Size, Shape and Color Characteristics Estimated by Digital Image Processing.

The size, shape, and color of wheat seeds are important traits that are associated with yield and flour quality (size, shape), nutritional value, and pre-harvest sprouting (coat color). These traits are under multigenic control, and to dissect their molecular and genetic basis, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is used. We evaluated 114 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in a bi-parental RIL mapping population (the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative, ITMI/MP) grown in 2014 season.

Genetic Aspects and Molecular Causes of Seed Longevity in Plants-A Review.

Seed longevity is the most important trait related to the management of gene banks because it governs the regeneration cycle of seeds. Thus, seed longevity is a quantitative trait. Prior to the discovery of molecular markers, classical genetic studies have been performed to identify the genetic determinants of this trait.

Genetic Insight Into the Insect Resistance in Bread Wheat Exploiting the Untapped Natural Diversity.

Climate change is an undeniable threat to sustainable wheat production in the future as an increased temperature will significantly increase grain loss due to the increased number of generations per season of multivoltine species that are detrimental to plants. Among insects, orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM), yellow wheat blossom midge (YWBM), saddle gall midge (SGM), thrips, and frit fly (FF) are important wheat pests in the European environments, which can be managed by the development of resistant cultivars. This involves the identification, confirmation, and incorporation of insect resistance sources into new high-yielding cultivars.

Mapping Resistance to Argentinean () Head Blight Isolates in Wheat.

head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused by (Schwabe), is a destructive disease worldwide, reducing wheat yield and quality. To accelerate the improvement of scab tolerance in wheat, we assessed the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative mapping population (ITMI/MP) for Type I and II resistance against a wide population of Argentinean isolates of We discovered a total of 27 additive QTLs on ten different (2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D and 6D) wheat chromosomes for Type I and Type II resistances explaining a maximum of 15.99% variation.

A SNP-based genetic dissection of versatile traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The continuous increase in global population prompts increased wheat production. Future wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding will heavily rely on dissecting molecular and genetic bases of wheat yield and related traits which is possible through the discovery of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in constructed populations, such as recombinant inbred lines (RILs).

Genetic basis of some physiological traits and yield in early and late sowing conditions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The rise in human population necessitates the use of all available tools to enhance wheat productivity. In this regard, pre-breeding has mobilized novel underutilized genetic variation into breeding programs. However, this germplasm needs to be characterized for its efficient utilization.

QTL analysis of seed germination traits in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Genetic mapping of seed germination traits has been performed with many plant species. In tobacco, however, investigations are rare. In the present study, a bi-parental mapping population consisting of 118 doubled haploid lines and derived from a cross between 'Beinhart-1000' and 'Hicks' was investigated.

A GWAS to identify the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) resistance loci in diverse wheat prebreeding lines.

Yield losses because of cereal cyst nematodes could be as high as 92%, causing a bottleneck for wheat production. An integrated approach (application of pesticides, crop rotation, and use of host resistance) is needed to manage this devastating pathogen where resistant cultivars are considered most effective. This necessitates the identification of nematode-resistant sources in the available germplasm.

A GBS-based GWAS analysis of adaptability and yield traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Wheat is a foremost food grain of Pakistan and occupies a vital position in agricultural policies of the country. Wheat demand will be increased by 60% by 2050 which is a serious concern to meet this demand. Conventional breeding approaches are not enough to meet the demand of growing human population.

Mapping of QTLs Associated with Yield and Yield Related Traits in Durum Wheat ( Desf.) Under Irrigated and Drought Conditions.

Global durum wheat consumption ( Desf.) is ahead of its production. One reason for this is abiotic stress, e.

Mapping of QTL associated with seed longevity in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.).

Regeneration cycle of seeds kept at genebanks is determined by seed longevity. Information about longevity of species is important for storage periods, germination test intervals, and reproduction cycles. Seed longevity is different between species and depends on the storage conditions.

Genetic architecture of seed longevity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The deterioration in the quality of ex situ conserved seed over time reflects a combination of both physical and chemical changes. Intraspecific variation for longevity is, at least in part, under genetic control. Here, the grain of 183 bread wheat accessions maintained under low-temperature storage at the IPK-Gatersleben genebank over some decades have been tested for their viability, along with that of fresh grain subjected to two standard artificial ageing procedures.

The inheritance of wheat grain longevity: a comparison between induced and natural ageing.

Seed longevity is an important trait for both ex situ genebanks and the seed industry. It is partially determined by genetic factors, but is also dependent on the environmental conditions experienced by the mother plant during seed maturation, as well as those imposed during the post-harvest and storage periods. For practical reasons, the variation in longevity has repeatedly been analysed by treating fresh seed to various induced ageing protocols, but the extent to which these procedures mimic the natural ageing process remains debatable.

Molecular markers in management of ex situ PGR-a case study.

Worldwide germplasm collections contain about 7.4 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. One of the 10 largest ex situ genebanks of our globe is located at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Gatersleben, Germany.