Artificial intelligence terminology, methodology, and critical appraisal: A primer for headache clinicians and researchers.

Objective: The goal is to provide an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methodology and appraisal tailored to clinicians and researchers in the headache field to facilitate interdisciplinary communications and research.

Background: The application of AI to the study of headache and other healthcare challenges is growing rapidly. It is critical that these findings be accurately interpreted by headache specialists, but this can be difficult for non-AI specialists.

The American Headache Society First Contact-Headache in Primary Care program: Current metrics, knowledge assessments, and direction for future initiatives.

Objective: This study examines the American Headache Society First Contact-Headache in Primary Care program metrics to date in order to assess the program's reach and provide direction for future initiatives.

Background: Approximately 4 million primary care office visits annually are headache-specific encounters. Therefore, it is important that primary care providers are knowledgeable about headache management.

Headache diagnosis and treatment: A pilot knowledge and needs assessment among physical therapists.

Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to assess physical therapists' (PTs) knowledge and needs regarding headache diagnosis and management.

Background: While there is significant research on physical therapy and cervicogenic headache, studies suggest that migraine is often under-recognized, misdiagnosed, and inadequately treated across society despite its high prevalence and burden. Because migraine commonly includes concurrent neck pain and/or vestibular symptoms, patients with migraine may present to PTs for treatment.

The 2023 protocol for update to acute treatment of adults with migraine in the emergency department: The American Headache Society evidence assessment of parenteral pharmacotherapies.

Objectives: The primary objective of this proposed guideline is to update the prior 2016 guideline on parenteral pharmacotherapies for the management of adults with a migraine attack in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We will conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis using the 2016 guideline methodology to provide clinical recommendations. The same search strategy will be used for studies up to 2023, with a new search strategy added to capture studies of nerve blocks and sphenopalatine blocks.

A critical systematic review of K-12 neurology/neuroscience pipeline programs.

Background: Early exposure to neuroscience is imperative to strengthening the neuroscience and neurology pipeline and may present an avenue for increasing the number of practicing neurologists and diversifying the neuroscience workforce. Our objective was to systematically review existing K-12 neuroscience education and outreach programs to understand what educational programs have been developed and implemented.

Methods: We conducted an electronic database search of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Education Source, and ERIC.

Treatment Options for Posttraumatic Headache: A Current Review of the Literature.

Purpose Of Review: We evaluate evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic headache (PTH), a secondary headache disorder resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI), comprising nearly 4% of all symptomatic headache disorders. Utilizing recent publications, we aim to inform clinicians of current treatment methods.

Recent Findings: There is limited research on PTH treatment.

A critical systematic review assessing undergraduate neurology pipeline programs.

Background: Although current programs exist to encourage undergraduate interest in neuroscience and neurology, few students go on to pursue a career in neurology. Thus, there is a need for more neurologists in the US. To assess undergraduate pipeline programs and their goals of garnering interest and knowledge of neurology, we systematically reviewed available literature on existing undergraduate neurology pipeline programs.

Episodic Migraine and Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Purpose Of Review: We evaluate the evolving evidence of psychiatric comorbidities associated with episodic migraine. Utilizing recent research publications, we aim to assess traditional treatment option considerations and discuss recent and evolving non-pharmacologic treatment progress for episodic migraine and related psychiatric conditions.

Recent Findings: Recent findings indicate that episodic migraine is strongly linked to comorbid depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and sleep disorders.

Headache clinicians' perspectives on the remote monitoring of patients' electronic diary data: A qualitative study.

Objective: We assessed headache clinicians' viewpoints on potential remote access to patients' digital headache diary data and the practicalities of data utilization.

Background: With the ubiquitous nature of electronic medical records and the existence of remote monitoring (RM) for many medical conditions, there is now the potential for remote symptom monitoring for patients with headache disorders. While patients are asked to utilize headache diaries, clinicians may or may not have access to the data before patient visits, and their perspectives regarding this emerging technology are currently unknown.

The use of virtual complementary and integrative therapies by neurology outpatients: An exploratory analysis of two cross-sectional studies assessing the use of technology as treatment in an academic neurology department in New York City.

Background: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, about half of patients from populations that sought care in neurology tried complementary and integrative therapies (CITs). With the increased utilization of telehealth services, we sought to determine whether patients also increased their use of virtual CITs.

Methods: We examined datasets from two separate cross-sectional surveys that included cohorts of patients with neurological disorders.

Neurologists' Evaluations of Experience and Effectiveness of Teleneurology Encounters.

To better understand neurologists' assessments of the experiences and effectiveness of teleneurology encounters. After completing an audio-video telehealth visit with verbally consenting patients, neurologists recorded their evaluations of the encounter. Data were analyzed using standard quantitative and qualitative techniques.

Assessment of Smartphone Apps for Common Neurologic Conditions (Headache, Insomnia, and Pain): Cross-sectional Study.

Background: There are thousands of apps for individuals struggling with headache, insomnia, and pain, but it is difficult to establish which of these apps are best suited for patients' specific needs. If clinicians were to have access to a platform that would allow them to make an informed decision on the efficacy and feasibility of smartphone apps for patient care, they would feel confident in prescribing specific apps.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the quality of apps for some of the top common, disabling neurologic conditions (headache, insomnia, and pain) based on principles derived from the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) app evaluation model.

The role of urgent care centers in headache management: a quality improvement project.

Background: Patients with headache often seek urgent medical care to treat pain and associated symptoms that do not respond to therapeutic options at home. Urgent Cares (UCs) may be suitable for the evaluation and treatment of such patients but there is little data on how headache is evaluated in UC settings and what types of treatments are available. We conducted a study to evaluate the types of care available for patients with headache presenting to UCs.

Understanding How to Strengthen the Neurology Pipeline With Insights From Undergraduate Neuroscience Students.

Despite increased neuroscience interest at the undergraduate level, a significant shortage of neurologists in the United States exists. To better understand how to generate more interest in neurology, specifically at the undergraduate level, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey comprising 1,085 undergraduates in either neuroscience courses or majoring/minoring in neuroscience from across the United States to better understand their clinical neurology experiences and perspectives. The survey quantitatively and qualitatively assessed students' clinical neurology exposure inside and outside of the classroom, research experiences, and career goals.

Strategies for Behavioral Research in Neurology: Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Applications for the Future.

Purpose Of Review: Behavioral therapies are proven treatments for many neurologic conditions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for conducting behavioral research. This article aims to (1) highlight the challenges of running behavioral clinical trials during the pandemic, (2) suggest approaches to maximize generalizability of pandemic-era studies, and (3) offer strategies for successful behavioral trials beyond the pandemic.

Wearables for Neurologic Conditions: Considerations for Our Patients and Research Limitations.

Purpose Of Review: In 2019, over 50 million Americans were expected to use wearables at least monthly. The technologies have varied capabilities, with many designed to monitor health conditions. We present a narrative review to raise awareness of wearable technologies that may be relevant to the field of neurology.

Response to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Differs Between Chronic and Episodic Migraine.

Objective: Evaluate whether the benefits of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Migraine (MBCT-M) on headache disability differs among people with episodic and chronic migraine (CM).

Methods: This is a planned secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. After a 30-day baseline, participants were stratified by episodic (6-14 d/mo) and CM (15-30 d/mo) and randomized to 8 weekly individual sessions of MBCT-M or wait list/treatment as usual (WL/TAU).

Headache infusion centers: A survey on treatments provided, infusion center operations, and barriers to developing new infusion centers.

Background: Infusion therapy refers to the intravenous administration of medicines and fluids for the treatment of status migrainosus, severe persistent headaches, or chronic headache. Headache practices and centers offer this treatment for patients as an alternative to the emergency department (ED) setting. However, little information is available in the literature on understanding the operations of an infusion center.

Telehealth as a new care delivery model: The headache provider experience.

Objective: To assess telehealth practice for headache visits in the United States.

Background: The rapid roll out of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted headache specialists.

Methods: American Headache Society (AHS) members were emailed an anonymous survey (9/9/20-10/12/20) to complete if they had logged ≥2 months or 50+ headache visits via telehealth.