The prevalence of hemoglobin Tacoma in Finland detected by HbA1c capillary electrophoresis.

Previous studies have identified occasional cases of heterozygous Hb Tacoma in areas that have attracted Finnish immigrants, especially in Sweden and North America, but large studies of this slightly unstable beta variant have not been carried out. Here we determined the prevalence of hemoglobin variants across Finland. A total of 5059 samples from 11 different hospital districts were analyzed using HbA1c capillary electrophoresis and reviewed for atypical profiles (HbA1c, Capillarys 3 Tera, Sebia).

Conformational changes of apoB-100 in SMase-modified LDL mediate formation of large aggregates at acidic pH.

During atherogenesis, the extracellular pH of atherosclerotic lesions decreases. Here, we examined the effect of low, but physiologically plausible pH on aggregation of modified LDL, one of the key processes in atherogenesis. LDL was treated with SMase, and aggregation of the SMase-treated LDL was followed at pH 5.

Angiotensin II increases expression and secretion of cathepsin F in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages: an angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated effect.

Increasing evidence suggests that cathepsins and angiotensin II (AngII) participate in atherosclerosis, particularly in remodeling of the extracellular matrix of the inflamed arterial intima. Here, we show that AngII induces mRNA expression of cathepsin F, a member of the cysteine protease family, in human monocyte-derived macrophages. AngII did not affect the amount of intracellular cathepsin F protein, but significantly enhanced its secretion by the treated cells.

Miniaturization of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and application to studies on lipoprotein aggregation and fusion.

Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF), a technique that provides direct measurement of particle size and diffusion coefficient, is converted into miniaturized scale. In comparison with conventional AsFlFFF, the separation of proteins in miniaturized AsFlFFF is achieved within shorter time periods, with smaller sample amounts, and with lower mobile phase consumption. Minimization of the overloading and optimization of the separation efficiency are prerequisites to good results.

Decrease in pH strongly enhances binding of native, proteolyzed, lipolyzed, and oxidized low density lipoprotein particles to human aortic proteoglycans.

Binding of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to proteoglycans and modification of LDL are key processes in atherogenesis. Recently, it has been demonstrated that during atherogenesis the extracellular pH of atherosclerotic lesions decreases. We have examined the effect of the decreased pH on the binding of LDL to human aortic proteoglycans.

Radionuclide imaging of tumor xenografts in mice using a gelatinase-targeting peptide.

Tumors express MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases, which are involved in the formation of tumor vasculature. This suggests that a tumor and its surrounding neovasculature can be visualized by a sensitive gelatinase recognition method. We have studied tumor radioimaging using a gelatinase inhibitory peptide CTTHWGFTLC (CTT), which in a mouse model targets the tumor site following an intravenous injection.

Cysteine protease cathepsin F is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, is secreted by cultured macrophages, and modifies low density lipoprotein particles in vitro.

During atherogenesis, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the arterial intima become modified and fuse to form extracellular lipid droplets. Proteolytic modification of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 may be one mechanism of droplet formation from LDL. Here we studied whether the newly described acid protease cathepsin F can generate LDL-derived lipid droplets in vitro.