Correlations between personality traits, personality disorders, and immunometabolic markers.

Evidence links immune system alterations to major psychiatric disorders. The few previous studies on personality traits or personality disorders (PDs) indicate that immunometabolic dysregulation may be prevalent in this population. This study aimed to investigate relationships between personality traits, PDs, and immunometabolic markers in peripheral blood.

Parental satisfaction with hospital care for children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis: A mixed-method study.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate factors influencing parents' satisfaction with hospital care for children with craniosynostosis during hospitalization for surgery.

Design And Methods: A mixed-methods study with a convergent, parallel design was used. Ninety-five parents responded to the Swedish Pyramid Questionnaire for Treatment, a 25-item questionnaire with six quality domains.

The WHO Adult ADHD self-report Scale used in a clinical sample of patients with overlapping symptoms - psychometric properties of and scoring methods for the Swedish translation.

Background: The WHO Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRSv1.1 and ASRS-S) is used for screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The capacity of the Swedish version of the scale to discriminate ADHD from borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder (BP) has not been tested.

Cohort profile: the U-BIRTH study on peripartum depression and child development in Sweden.

Purpose: The current U-BIRTH cohort (Uppsala Birth Cohort) extends our previous cohort Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition (BASIC), assessing the development of children up to 11 years after birth. The U-BIRTH study aims to (1) assess the impact of exposure to peripartum mental illness on the children's development taking into account biological and environmental factors during intrauterine life and childhood; (2) identify early predictors of child neurodevelopmental and psychological problems using biophysiological, psychosocial and environmental variables available during pregnancy and early post partum.

Participants: All mothers participating in the previous BASIC cohort are invited, and mother-child dyads recruited in the U-BIRTH study are consecutively invited to questionnaire assessments and biological sampling when the child is 18 months, 6 years and 11 years old.

Temperament, but not childhood trauma, distinguishes borderline personality disorder from bipolar disorder and ADHD.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate if temperament and experience of childhood trauma differed between young psychiatric patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I and Axis II. Temperament was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and childhood trauma by the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR-SF).

Mental disorders in former street-working boys.

The continuity of mental disorders in street-working children is rarely studied. This study therefore investigated homotypic continuity, recurrence of the same disorder, and heterotypic continuity, when a new disorder follows on the previous, of mental disorders from childhood to adulthood in street-working boys from Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Mental disorders were assessed by structured diagnostic interviews in 40 street-working boys in 2004-2005 and again in 2021, when the participants' mean ages were 12.

A long-term follow-up study of labor market marginalization in psychiatric patients with and without personality disorder.

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) in adulthood are considered stable over time and are likely to have lasting psychosocial impact on the affected individual, including in areas like vocational functioning. The aim of this study was to study labor market marginalization (LMM) and receipt of social welfare benefits during 13 years from age 18 to 25 years in a sample of former psychiatric patients with and without PD.

Methods: This study followed-up 186 former psychiatric patients who were thoroughly assessed in 2002-2004, including for PD, and compared them with controls.

Changes in patterns of alcohol consumption in young psychiatric outpatients: two comparable samples assessed with 10 years apart.

Aims: Over the past 20 years, a trend towards non-drinking and less use of alcohol has been reported among young adults. This study aimed to investigate if a similar trend in alcohol consumption can be seen among young adult psychiatric outpatients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on two comparable samples of young adult (18-25 years) psychiatric outpatients recruited approximately 10 years apart in 2002-2003 ( = 197) and 2012-2016 ( = 380).

The relationship between self-control and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with eating disorders: a cross-sectional study including exploratory longitudinal data.

Background: Personality style can partly be described as the way an individual controls and regulates emotions and can be divided into over- and undercontrol. Studies have indicated that personality style may impact the onset, clinical presentation, and recovery from an eating disorder (ED). Furthermore, symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in patients with EDs.

The Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale (SSPS): a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version in a non-clinical sample and two clinical samples with eating disorders or borderline personality disorder.

Background: Social safeness and pleasure refer to the extent to which people experience their world as safe, warm, and soothing. Difficulties in achieving social safeness have been identified as a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for developing and maintaining psychopathology and for feeling less contentment and self-compassion. The study aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale (SSPS).

Moderators of long-term treatment outcome when comparing two group interventions for adolescents with ADHD: who benefits more from DBT-based skills training?

Background: Psychosocial interventions for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), targeting emotional dysregulation and impulsive behaviors, have been requested, but the heterogeneity within this group makes it unlikely that there is one treatment that fits all. The aim of this study was to identify which adolescents with ADHD might have an effect from a structured skills training group (SSTG) based on dialectical behavioral therapy, by exploring pre-treatment characteristics as potential moderators of long-term treatment outcome.

Methods: This study was based on follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial comparing the SSTG (n = 71) to a psychoeducational control intervention (n = 57) for adolescents with ADHD (15-18 years old).

Medical students' experiences of working with simulated patients in challenging communication training.

Background: Physicians' communication skills are important for patient-centered care. Although working with simulated patients (SPs) in case simulations is common for training communication skills, studies seldom include a wide range of challenging behaviors or explore students' own experiences of learning communication skills with SPs. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating how medical students perceive communication training involving challenging consultations with SPs and the impact on their learning experiences.

Validity of the self-rated 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 as a measure of functioning in Swedish psychiatric outpatients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate concurrent validity of the Swedish self-rated 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 by comparison with professional Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) ratings in psychiatric outpatients.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 444 patients was recruited from their regular psychiatric outpatient settings.

Evidence for validity of the Swedish self-rated 36-item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in patients with mental disorders: a multi-centre cross-sectional study using Rasch analysis.

Background: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is a generic instrument for the assessment of functioning in six domains, resulting in a total health-related disability score.

Associated predictors of functional impairment among adolescents with ADHD-a cross-sectional study.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with functional impairment in several domains of life. To enable development of interventions that more effectively target functional impairment in this age group, the associations between clinical characteristics and impairment need to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ADHD and functional impairment, if they varied by sex, and the potential impact of comorbid psychiatric symptoms on the associations.

"When the surgery was over, I felt like the worst part had passed": experiences of parents of children with craniosynostosis.

Purpose: Parents of children scheduled for surgery often experience emotional distress and anxiety. This study aimed to explore parents' experiences of hospital care after their child's craniosynostosis surgery and their perception of support during the year after discharge.

Design And Methods: A purposive sample of 19 parents of 12 children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, who had undergone surgery, was recruited from one of two national centers in Sweden.

Former street-working boys in Iraq highlight the importance of receiving education, training and support from families and other adults.

Aim: This study investigated the perceptions of men who worked on the streets of Iraq when they were children. It looked at the risks they faced, how they developed resilience and what support they feel current working children need.

Methods: In 2021, semi-structured interviews were held with 40 men aged 24-33 who used to work on the streets as children.

Cluster analysis of personality traits in psychiatric patients with borderline personality disorder.

Background: Though the heterogeneous expression of symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is well-known, it is far from fully understood. Hybrid models combining dimensional and categorical ways of diagnosing BPD have been suggested to better handle this heterogeneity, but more research is needed. The aim of this study was to identify potential clusters in BPD, and evaluate if these clusters differed in diagnostic composition, severity, psychiatric symptoms, emotion regulation and control, or sociodemographic features.

Psychological and social risk factors associated with development of psychopathology, controlling for biological influence.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate and summarize recent research investigating psychological, social and environmental risk factors for development of psychopathology in childhood, while controlling for biological (genetic) influences by using a matched sibling, twin or adoptee design.

Recent Findings: Nineteen studies were included, of which eleven were longitudinal and eight were cohort studies. Included studies used adequate designs and statistical methods, controlled for unmeasured confounders and, in many cases, for other measured risk factors.

Psychometric validation of two versions of the adolescent Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS-A and DSRS-A Screener).

Aim: Examination of psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Adolescents (DSRS-A) as well as development and evaluations of a shorter version, DSRS-A-Screener.

Methods: Analyses of component structure and internal consistency were performed in a community-based sample of adolescents  = 4,506 and among consecutive outpatients from three child psychiatric settings in Sweden ( = 137). Concurrent validity was measured as a correlation between a summation index of the scale items and the total major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom severity score from the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS).

Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Symptom List (EDSL), a brief questionnaire for weekly assessment of eating disorder symptoms.

Frequent assessment of eating disorder (ED) symptoms (e.g., on a weekly basis) may guide treatment planning in clinical services, and be an invaluable tool for improving clinical research.

Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish Child Sheehan Disability Scale in adolescent psychiatric patients.

Assessment of disability is part of the psychiatric diagnostic process, and validated scales are needed for the assessment of functioning. The Swedish translations of the Child Sheehan Disability Scale (CSDS) for adolescents and parents (CSDS-P) have been adapted for use in psychiatric settings. The purpose of the study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Swedish CSDS and the CSDS-P among adolescent psychiatric patients.