Use of compression therapy for cellulitis.

Introduction: Cellulitis is a common infection, especially among the elderly, and compression therapy is often recommended to reduce acute oedema and pain. A previous study showed that compression therapy led to a lower incidence of recurrent cellulitis in lower extremities in patients with chronic oedema. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics of patients with cellulitis.

The evolution of menopause in toothed whales.

Understanding how and why menopause has evolved is a long-standing challenge across disciplines. Females can typically maximize their reproductive success by reproducing for the whole of their adult life. In humans, however, women cease reproduction several decades before the end of their natural lifespan.

Energy expenditure of southern right whales varies with body size, reproductive state and activity level.

Quantifying the energy expenditure of animals is critical to understanding the cost of anthropogenic disturbance relative to their overall energy requirements. We used novel drone focal follows (776 follows, 185 individuals) and aerial photogrammetry (5372 measurements, 791 individuals) to measure the respiration rate and body condition loss of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) on a breeding ground in Australia. Respiration rates were converted to oxygen consumption rate and field metabolic rate (FMR) using published bioenergetic models.

Temporal dynamics of mother-offspring relationships in Bigg's killer whales: opportunities for kin-directed help by post-reproductive females.

Age-related changes in the patterns of local relatedness (kinship dynamics) can be a significant selective force shaping the evolution of life history and social behaviour. In humans and some species of toothed whales, average female relatedness increases with age, which can select for a prolonged post-reproductive lifespan in older females due to both costs of reproductive conflict and benefits of late-life helping of kin. Killer whales () provide a valuable system for exploring social dynamics related to such costs and benefits in a mammal with an extended post-reproductive female lifespan.

Costly lifetime maternal investment in killer whales.

Parents often sacrifice their own future reproductive success to boost the survival of their offspring, a phenomenon referred to as parental investment. In several social mammals, mothers continue to improve the survival of their offspring well into adulthood; however, whether this extended care comes at a reproductive costs to mothers, and therefore represents maternal investment, is not well understood. We tested whether lifetime maternal care is a form of parental investment in fish-eating "resident" killer whales.

Kinship dynamics: patterns and consequences of changes in local relatedness.

Mounting evidence suggests that patterns of local relatedness can change over time in predictable ways, a process termed kinship dynamics. Kinship dynamics may occur at the level of the population or social group, where the mean relatedness across all members of the population or group changes over time, or at the level of the individual, where an individual's relatedness to its local group changes with age. Kinship dynamics are likely to have fundamental consequences for the evolution of social behaviour and life history because they alter the inclusive fitness payoffs to actions taken at different points in time.

Treatment of medication overuse headache: Effect and predictors after 1 year-A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Combined withdrawal and early preventive medication was the most effective treatment for medication overuse headache (MOH) within the first 6 months in a previous study, but results from a longer follow-up period are lacking.

Objective: (1) To measure the efficacy at 1 year of three different treatment approaches to MOH; (2) to compare withdrawal and early preventives (W+P), preventives with potential withdrawal therapy after 6 months (P+pW), and withdrawal with delayed potential preventives (W+pP); and (3) to identify predictors of chronic headache after 1 year.

Methods: Patients with MOH and migraine and/or tension-type headache were randomly assigned to one of the three outpatient treatments.

A long postreproductive life span is a shared trait among genetically distinct killer whale populations.

The extended female postreproductive life span found in humans and some toothed whales remains an evolutionary puzzle. Theory predicts demographic patterns resulting in increased female relatedness with age (kinship dynamics) can select for a prolonged postreproductive life span due to the combined costs of intergenerational reproductive conflict and benefits of late-life helping. Here, we test this prediction using >40 years of longitudinal demographic data from the sympatric yet genetically distinct killer whale ecotypes: resident and Bigg's killer whales.

Age and sex influence social interactions, but not associations, within a killer whale pod.

Social structure is a fundamental aspect of animal populations. In order to understand the function and evolution of animal societies, it is important to quantify how individual attributes, such as age and sex, shape social relationships. Detecting these influences in wild populations under natural conditions can be challenging, especially when social interactions are difficult to observe and broad-scale measures of association are used as a proxy.

Novel sunprotection interventions to prevent skin cancer: A randomized study targeting Danes going on vacation to destinations with high UV index.

Background: In Denmark, 16,500 cases of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers were registered in 2015, of which 90% could have been avoided by behavioral changes. We aimed to test novel interventions in a randomized design. The interventions targeted Danes going on vacation to high UVI destinations aiming to decrease sunburn by increasing use of sun protection to prevent skin cancer in the Danish population.

Dependence-like behaviour in patients treated for medication overuse headache: A prospective open-label randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dependence-like behaviour may complicate withdrawal and increase risk of relapse of medication overuse headache (MOH). The most effective treatment for reducing dependence-like behaviour is unknown.

Objectives: To compare patient-reported outcomes among three treatment strategies for MOH.

Comparison of 3 Treatment Strategies for Medication Overuse Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a disabling, globally prevalent disorder representing a well-known and debated clinical problem. Evidence for the most effective treatment strategy is needed.

Objective: To compare 3 treatment strategies for MOH.

Complete withdrawal is the most feasible treatment for medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial.

Background: Complete stop of acute medication and/or migraine medication for treatment of medication-overuse headache (MOH) has previously been reported more effective in reducing headache days and migraine days per month compared with restricted intake of acute medication. However, it is unknown whether complete stop or restricted intake is the most feasible treatment for patients.

Objectives: To investigate whether feasibility of withdrawal in MOH is different between complete stop of acute medication and restricted intake, and whether reductions in headache-related medication dependence, anxiety and depression differ between the treatments.

Complete withdrawal is the most effective approach to reduce disability in patients with medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial.

Background: Medication-overuse headache leads to high disability and decreased quality of life, and the best approach for withdrawal has been debated.

Aim: To compare change in disability and quality of life between two withdrawal programs.

Methods: We randomized medication-overuse headache patients to program A (two months without acute analgesics or migraine medications) or program B (two months with acute medications restricted to two days/week) in a prospective, outpatient study.

Identifying possible asthma-COPD overlap syndrome in patients with a new diagnosis of COPD in primary care.

The asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) remains poorly characterised. Our aim was to describe an algorithm for identifying possible ACOS in adults with newly diagnosed COPD in primary care. General practitioners (n=241) consecutively recruited subjects ⩾35 years, with tobacco exposure, at least one respiratory symptom and no previous diagnosis of obstructive lung disease.

High-resolution hyaluronidase inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of anti-necrosis constituents in Chinese plants used to treat snakebite.

Inhibition of the necrotizing hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2 and protease enzymes in four snake venoms by crude water and ethanol extracts of 88 plant species used against snakebites in traditional Chinese medicine was measured. High-resolution hyaluronidase inhibition profiles were constructed for the 22 plants showing highest hyaluronidase inhibition, and the results were used to guide subsequent structural analysis towards specific hyaluronidase inhibitors. Structural analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, solid-phase extraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, i.

Clinical characteristics of the asthma-COPD overlap syndrome--a systematic review.

Background And Objective: In recent years, the so-called asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) has received much attention, not least because elderly individuals may present characteristics suggesting a diagnosis of both asthma and COPD. At present, ACOS is described clinically as persistent airflow limitation combined with features of both asthma and COPD. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to review the currently available literature focusing on symptoms and clinical characteristics of patients regarded as having ACOS.

High-resolution bacterial growth inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of antibacterial constituents in Chinese plants used to treat snakebites.

Ethnopharmacogical Relevance: Bacterial infection is one of the main secondary infections caused by snakebite. The 88 plant species investigated in this study have been used as folk remedies for treatment of snakebite, and it is therefore the aim of this study to investigate whether the plants contain compounds with bacterial growth inhibition.

Materials And Methods: The water and ethanol extracts of 88 plant species were screened at 200 μg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for their antibacterial activity by micro-broth dilution assay.

Prepregnancy obesity and associations with stroke and myocardial infarction in women in the years after childbirth: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Cardiovascular events (stroke or myocardial infarction) are often associated with poorer prognosis in younger, compared with older individuals. We examined the associations between prepregnancy obesity and the risks of myocardial infarction and stroke in young, healthy women.

Methods And Results: All Danish women giving birth during 2004-2009 without a history of renal disease or cardiovascular disease were identified from national registers and followed for a median time of 4.

Cause-specific cardiovascular risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among myocardial infarction patients--a nationwide study.

Background: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction (MI). We examined cause-specific mortality and morbidity associated with NSAIDs in a nationwide cohort of MI patients.

Methods And Results: By individual-level linkage of nationwide registries of hospitalization and drug dispensing from pharmacies in Denmark, patients aged >30 years admitted with first-time MI during 1997-2009 and their subsequent NSAID use were identified.

Familial clustering of myocardial infarction in first-degree relatives: a nationwide study.

Aims: Family history is an established risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), but it is not clear how this risk changes with number and gender of first-degree relatives with MI. We used the entire Danish population to examine the importance of MI in siblings and parents.

Methods And Results: This study is a retrospective nationwide register-based cohort study including registered relatives to all Danish citizens diagnosed with MI in the period 1978-2010.

Association of clopidogrel treatment with risk of mortality and cardiovascular events following myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes.

Context: Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that persistently high platelet reactivity is common in patients with diabetes in spite of clopidogrel treatment. Clinical trials have not convincingly demonstrated that clopidogrel benefits patients with diabetes as much patients without diabetes.

Objectives: To estimate the clinical effectiveness associated with clopidogrel treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with diabetes.