A human tissue-based model of renal inflammation.

Inflammation plays a key role in both the onset and progression of various kidney diseases. However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which inflammation drives kidney diseases from different etiologies remain to be elucidated. To enhance our understanding of these mechanisms, a reliable and translational human model of renal inflammation is needed.

Metabolic MRI With Hyperpolarized 13 C-Pyruvate for Early Detection of Fibrogenic Kidney Metabolism.

Objectives: Fibrosis is the final common pathway for chronic kidney disease and the best predictor for disease progression. Besides invasive biopsies, biomarkers for its detection are lacking. To address this, we used hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate MRI to detect the metabolic changes associated with fibrogenic activity of myofibroblasts.

Pulmonary embolisms and infections after renal trauma.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the management of patients with renal trauma and their complications at the Department of Urology at Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Denmark.

Methods: All patients diagnosed with renal injury due to trauma and with contact to the Department of Urology at the AUH, Denmark, between March 2016 and March 2021 were included. Patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth version, code and data obtained from electronic patient records.

Multiplex immunofluorescence staining of coverslip-mounted paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

Animal and human tissues are used extensively in physiological and pathophysiological research. Due to both ethical considerations and low availability, it is essential to maximize the use of these tissues. Therefore, the aim was to develop a new method allowing for multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) staining of kidney sections in order to reuse the same tissue section multiple times.

An animal-free preclinical drug screening platform based on human precision-cut kidney slices.

Objective: Renal fibrosis is one of the main pathophysiological processes underlying the progression of chronic kidney disease and kidney allograft failure. In the past decades, overwhelming efforts have been undertaken to find druggable targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis, mainly using cell- and animal models. However, the latter often do not adequately reflect human pathogenesis, obtained results differ per strain within a given species, and the models are associated with considerable discomfort for the animals.

National Implementation of Simulator Training Improves Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours in Patients.

Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is the initial diagnostic treatment for patients with bladder cancer. TURBT is not an easy procedure to master and simulator training may play a role in improving the learning curve.

Objective: To implement a national training programme for simulation-based mastery learning in TURBT and explore operating theatre performance after training.

Immunohistochemical Screening of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas for Lynch Syndrome Diagnostics: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To review the effect of universal screening of newly diagnosed upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) for mismatch repair (MMR) protein loss to aid in Lynch syndrome diagnostics.

Materials And Methods: Studies were identified through PubMed on December 1, 2021. Eligibility criteria were universal immunohistochemical analyses for at least 2 MMR proteins in unselected, consecutively collected UTUC cohorts.

EP receptor antagonism mitigates early and late stage renal fibrosis.

Aim: Renal fibrosis is a major driver of chronic kidney disease, yet current treatment strategies are ineffective in attenuating fibrogenesis. The cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin system plays a key role in renal injury and holds great promise as a therapeutic target. Here, we used a translational approach to evaluate the role of the PGE -EP receptor in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in several models of kidney injury, including human (fibrotic) kidney slices.

Validation of a Novel Assessment Tool Identifying Proficiency in Transurethral Bladder Tumor Resection: The OSATURBS Assessment Tool.

Competence in transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURB) is critical in bladder cancer management and should be ensured before independent practice. To develop an assessment tool for TURB and explore validity evidence in a clinical context. From July 2019 to March 2021, a total of 33 volunteer doctors from three hospitals were included after exemption from the regional ethics committee (REG-008-2018).

[Diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex].

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with highly varying disease manifestations, many of which cause extensive morbidity. There are international consensus criteria for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of TSC, and approved medical treatment for some of the most serious disease manifestations. However, organisation of a rational and coordinated care of TSC patients involves many different medical specialities and is only sparsely described.

Activation of the prostaglandin E EP receptor attenuates renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstructed mice and human kidney slices.

Aim: Renal fibrosis plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease, which affects 10% of the adult population. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin (PG) system influences the progression of renal injury. Here, we evaluated the impact of butaprost, a selective EP receptor agonist, on renal fibrosis in several models of kidney injury, including human tissue slices.

Childhood pneumothorax in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: A cohort study and review of the literature.

Background: Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer predisposition syndrome associated with an increased risk of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) and renal cell carcinoma in the adult population. Recent studies suggest that BHD accounts for up to 10% of all SP in adults and BHD in children with SP have been reported.

Methods: To explore to what extent BHD is the cause of childhood pneumothorax, we studied a Danish BHD cohort consisting of 109 cases from 22 families.

Cryoablation of Renal Angiomyolipoma: An Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy.

Background: Small series have reported that cryoablation (CA) is a safe and feasible minimally invasive nephron-sparing alternative for the treatment of renal angiomyolipomas (renal AMLs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of CA in patients with renal AML.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of 19 renal AML lesions treated with CA at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, over a 5-year period.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: a case report and a review of the literature.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the folliculin coding gene (FLCN). The clinical manifestations of the syndrome involve the skin, lungs, and kidneys. Because of the rarity of the syndrome, guidelines for diagnosis and management of the patients with BHDS are lacking.

[Foreign objects in the urethra].

Foreign objects in the urethra are rare. Most cases are often caused by self-mutilating behaviour, in which the patient inserts an object into the urethra. Usually this is performed in a sexual context, and many different objects have been used.

Urinary biomarkers in hydronephrosis.

Unlabelled: Hydronephrosis is diagnosed in 0.5-1% of all newborns, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) accounts for 35% of those cases. A urinary tract obstruction that occurs during early kidney development affects renal morphogenesis, maturation, and growth, and in the most severe cases, this will ultimately lead to progressive renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis with the loss of nephrons.

Epidermal growth factor and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1: potential biomarkers of urinary tract obstruction in children with hydronephrosis.

Objective: Hydronephrosis is diagnosed in 0.5% of all newborns, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common cause. The aim of this study was to test whether specific urinary cytokines can be used as UPJO biomarkers in children with hydronephrosis.

Urinary proteome analysis in congenital bilateral hydronephrosis.

Objective: A proteomics strategy was applied to map protein changes in urine after relief of congenital bilateral hydronephrosis to identify proteins correlated with the pathophysiological processes in congenital obstructive nephropathy as potential urinary biomarkers.

Material And Methods: Urine samples from 10 infants with bilateral abnormal drainage from the kidneys were collected at the time of relief from obstruction, and after 2 and 4 weeks. Proteomics techniques were used on samples from three patients for identification of protein changes between the three time-points, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used on samples from all 10 patients for validation of five selected proteins.

Urinary NGAL, cystatin C, β2-microglobulin, and osteopontin significance in hydronephrotic children.

Background: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) accounts for 35 % of all congenital hydronephrosis cases. The challenge in managing childhood hydronephrosis is to distinguish obstructive from nonobstructive cases and, thereby, identify patients requiring surgical intervention. This study aimed to examine four urinary proteins as potential biomarkers of obstruction in hydronephrosis.

Urine and kidney cytokine profiles in experimental unilateral acute and chronic hydronephrosis.

Objective: In search of potential urinary biomarkers of obstructive nephropathy, this study examined whether a potential change in the concentration of urinary cytokines [interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] reliably reflects changes in renal parenchymal levels of the same cytokines following the release of acute and chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction, respectively.

Material And Methods: Acute obstruction was performed in 12 adult rats. After 48 h, six rats were used for selective urine collection and six rats had their kidneys removed and dissected into inner medulla and cortex.

Urinary biomarkers in prenatally diagnosed unilateral hydronephrosis.

The introduction of prenatal ultrasonography as a screening method entails an increasing number of infants diagnosed with prenatal hydronephrosis. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction accounts for 35% of prenatal hydronephrotic cases. Urinary tract obstruction that occurs during early kidney development affects renal morphogenesis, maturation and growth, and in the most severe cases this will ultimately cause renal insufficiency.