Bacterial components-driven intrahepatic CXCR5 B cells are important population for MASH progression through inducing inflammation.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by severe liver inflammation and fibrosis due to an imbalanced immune response caused by enhanced bacterial components. The progression of MASH is closely linked to increased permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier facilitating enter of bacterial components into hepatic portal venous system. B cells are important immune cells for adaptive responses and enhance hepatic inflammation through cytokine production and T cell activation.

Sequential Energy and Electron Transfer in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

This study presents the design and characterization of a triad metal-organic framework (MOF) system composed of pyrene, porphyrin, and phenyl-C-butyric acid (PCBA) for efficient energy and electron transfer processes mimicking natural photosynthesis. The triad MOF, synthesized through a mixed-ligand approach followed by postsynthetic modification, demonstrates sequential energy transfer from pyrene to porphyrin, followed by electron transfer to the PCBA acceptor. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the dynamics of energy and charge transfer, revealing fast interligand energy transfer and subsequent charge separation in the MOF structure.

Syk/Src/NF-κB axis is essentially targeted in anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effects of Bletilla striata ethanol extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional herbal medicine books "Shin Rhong Bon Cho Kyung" and "Hyang Yak Jip Sung Bang" mentioned that Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f.

Upregulation of NK cell activity, cytokine expression, and NF-κB pathway by ginsenoside concentrates from Panax ginseng berries in healthy mice and macrophage cell lines.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) C.A.

Impaired autophagy in myeloid cells aggravates psoriasis-like skin inflammation through the IL-1β/CXCL2/neutrophil axis.

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the hyperproliferative epidermal keratinocytes and significant immune cells infiltration, leading to cytokines production such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-17. Recent study highlights the critical role of IL-1β in the induction and activation of pathogenic Th17 and IL-17-producing γδ T cells, contributing to psoriasis. However, the mechanism underlying IL-1β dysregulation in psoriasis pathogenesis is unclear.

Panaxydol extracted from Panax ginseng inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation to ameliorate NASH-induced liver injury.

Activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome exacerbates liver inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), suggesting that development of inflammasome inhibitor can become leading candidate to ameliorate NASH. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) contains numerous bioactive natural components to reduce inflammation.

The Role of Protein Methyltransferases in Immunity.

The immune system protects our body from bacteria, viruses, and toxins and removes malignant cells. Activation of immune cells requires the onset of a network of important signaling proteins. Methylation of these proteins affects their structure and biological function.

Syntheses of the ω-pyridinium-containing very-long-chain ceramides PyrCer(24:1(15Z)) and PyrCer(24:0) and their anticancer activity.

Ceramides, crucial sphingolipids in cellular biology, play various roles ranging from structural membrane integrity to signaling pathway regulation. Structurally, a ceramide consists of a fatty acid connected to a sphingoid base. The characteristics of the fatty acid chain, including length and saturation, determine the physiological properties of the ceramide.

The role of cellular prion protein in immune system.

Numerous studies have investigated the cellular prion protein (PrP) since its discovery. These investigations have explained that its structure is predominantly composed of alpha helices and short beta sheet segments, and when its abnormal scrapie isoform (PrP) is infected, PrP transforms the PrP, leading to prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Given its ubiquitous distribution across a variety of cellular types, the PrP manifests a diverse range of biological functions, including cell-cell adhesion, neuroprotection, signalings, and oxidative stress response.

Trametinib activates endogenous neurogenesis and recovers neuropathology in a model of Alzheimer's disease.

Enhancing adult neurogenesis in the brain has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. We developed a screening platform, ATRIVIEW, for molecules that activate neuronal differentiation of adult mouse NSCs. The most potent hit from an FDA-approved drug library was SNR1611 (trametinib), a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor.

NADH elevation during chronic hypoxia leads to VHL-mediated HIF-1α degradation via SIRT1 inhibition.

Background: Under conditions of hypoxia, cancer cells with hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) from heterogeneous tumor cells show greater aggression and progression in an effort to compensate for harsh environmental conditions. Extensive study on the stability of HIF-1α under conditions of acute hypoxia in cancer progression has been conducted, however, understanding of its involvement during the chronic phase is limited.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of SIRT1 on HIF1 stability in a typical chronic hypoxic conditon that maintains cells for 24 h under hypoxia using Western blotting, co-IP, measurement of intracellular NAD + and NADH levels, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, invasion assay, gene knockdown.

2-Deoxy-d-ribose induces ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells via ubiquitin-proteasome system-mediated xCT protein degradation.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Recent findings suggest that inhibiting system χc-induces ferroptosis by reducing intracellular cystine levels, and that ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, 2-deoxy-d-ribose (dRib) has been shown to inhibit cystine uptake through xCT, the functional unit of system χc-, in β-cells.

Effects of the purified dry extract of fermented ginseng BST204 on muscle fiber regeneration.

Background: Sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy are two muscle diseases. In cancer patients, cancer cachexia induces continuous weight loss and muscle loss due to the disease itself or the use of anticancer drugs. Cachexia occurs in up to 80% of cancer patients.

Lipid bilayer strengthens the cooperative network of membrane proteins.

Although membrane proteins fold and function in a lipid bilayer constituting cell membranes, their structure and functionality can be recapitulated in diverse amphiphilic assemblies whose compositions deviate from native membranes. It remains unclear how various hydrophobic environments can stabilize membrane proteins and whether lipids play any role therein. Here, using the evolutionary unrelated α-helical and β-barrel membrane proteins of , we find that the hydrophobic thickness and the strength of amphiphile- amphiphile packing are critical environmental determinants of membrane protein stability.

Coinfection of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and in Developmental Stage of Hard Ticks in Subtropical Region of Korea.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is transmitted through tick bites. Ticks are potential vectors for the bacterium that causes Query fever. Here, we analyzed SFTSV and co-infection rates in ticks in rural areas of Jeju Island, South Korea.

Ubiquitin E3 ligases in cancer: somatic mutation and amplification.

Defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair signaling permit cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations that confer their aggressive phenotype. Nevertheless, tumors depend on residual DNA repair abilities to survive the DNA damage induced by genotoxic stress. This is why only isolated DNA repair signaling is inactivated in cancer cells.

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype and Peritumoral Immune Cell Infiltration in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.

Background/aim: This study evaluated the clinical implications of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and peritumoral immune cell infiltration in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis).

Materials And Methods: Forty-five patients with advanced BTC who received GemCis were included as the study population. We conducted multiplex immunohistochemistry and examined EMT markers and their correlations with immune cell infiltrate at the invasive tumor margin.

Apigenin: A Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer.

The skin is the main barrier between the body and the environment, protecting it from external oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet rays. It also prevents the entrance of infectious agents such as viruses, external antigens, allergens, and bacteria into our bodies. An overreaction to these agents causes severe skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, pruritus, psoriasis, skin cancer, and vitiligo.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Menopausal, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Lignans and Their Metabolites.

Since chronic inflammation can be seen in severe, long-lasting diseases such as cancer, there is a high demand for effective methods to modulate inflammatory responses. Among many therapeutic candidates, lignans, absorbed from various plant sources, represent a type of phytoestrogen classified into secoisolariciresionol (Seco), pinoresinol (Pino), matairesinol (Mat), medioresinol (Med), sesamin (Ses), syringaresinol (Syr), and lariciresinol (Lari). Lignans consumed by humans can be further modified into END or ENL by the activities of gut microbiota.

Hepatic TREM2 macrophages express matrix metalloproteinases to control fibrotic scar formation.

Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the extensive deposition of extracellular matrix such as fibril collagen, causing dysfunction and failure of the liver. Hepatic macrophages play pivotal roles in the transition from inflammatory to restorative properties upon hepatic injury. In particular, scar-associated macrophages (SAMacs) control liver fibrosis with the representative expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).

NPFFR2 Contributes to the Malignancy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development by Activating RhoA/YAP Signaling.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a diverse family of cell surface receptors implicated in various physiological functions, making them common targets for approved drugs. Many GPCRs are abnormally activated in cancers and have emerged as therapeutic targets for cancer. Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) is a GPCR that helps regulate pain and modulates the opioid system; however, its function remains unknown in cancers.