Allergen Specific IgE is a Stronger Predictor of Remission Following Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Than Age in Children Aged 1-10 Years.

Background: Remission is the desired outcome following OIT as it allows individuals to discontinue treatment and eat the allergen freely. Early initiation of OIT in infants and toddlers has been embraced as an approach to increase the likelihood of remission. However, there is no high-quality evidence supporting younger age as an independent factor driving remission; available studies are limited by small samples of younger subjects and lack of adjustment for confounding covariates, particularly peanut-specific IgE (sIgE) levels which is closely correlated with age.

A pathway-based genetic score for inflammation: An indicator of vulnerability to phthalate-induced adverse neurodevelopment outcomes.

Introduction: Phthalates, chemical additives used to enhance plastic products' flexibility, are easily released into the environment, and can harm the brain development through various mechanisms including inflammation. Genetic variation influencing an individual's susceptibility to inflammation may play a role in the effects of phthalate exposure on neurodevelopment however there is no summary measure developed for genetic susceptibility to inflammation.

Methods: We developed a genetic pathway function score for inflammation (gPFS), based on the transcriptional activity of the inflammatory response pathway in the brain and other tissues.

Genetic syndromes associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and imaging diagnostic strategies.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are the second most common pancreatic malignancy. While most cases are sporadic, a small proportion is associated with genetic syndromes, such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome (VHL), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). This review aims to use pNENs as a clue to reveal the full spectrum of disease, providing a comprehensive understanding of diagnosis.

Cost-effectiveness of oral immunotherapy for egg allergy according to age of therapy commencement.

Background: Egg oral immunotherapy can induce desensitization or remission of egg allergy in children.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of OIT for raw egg allergy in school-aged children compared to egg avoidance, and the most cost-effective age at which to commence treatment.

Methods: A decision-analytic Markov model estimated the health and cost outcomes of 1000 children aged four years with egg allergy, comparing different ages of OIT commencement (from ages 4-12, inclusive) versus ongoing egg avoidance.

Seasonal variation in sunlight exposure is differently associated with changes in T regulatory and T-helper 17 cell blood counts in adolescent and adults females: a pilot study.

Higher prevalence of multiple sclerosis at higher latitudes is associated with reduced sunlight during childhood. Alterations in inflammatory Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) are associated with autoimmunity. In Hobart, Australia (latitude 42.

NTRK fusion promotes tumor migration and invasion through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and closely interacts with ECM1 and NOVA1.

Background: The NTRK fusion gene is a rare cancer driver and a typical representative "diamond mutation". Its unique role in tumor progression is highly important for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with tumors. We searched for NTRK fusion-positive patients in our hospital.

Prediction of the early hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection using gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Non-hypervascular hypointense nodules (NHHNs) can transform into hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during the long-term follow-up. However, the risk factors for NHHN hypervascular transformation in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected populations are unknown. This study assessed the predictive value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for HCC development in patients with chronic HBV infection.

The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association Between 24-Hour Movement Behavior Compositions With Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in 6-Year-Old Children.

Background: Few studies have examined the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and health in children in their first 2 years of primary school. This study aimed to examine how 24-hour movement behavior compositions at age 6 were related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 6 and 10.

Methods: A subsample of 361 children from the HealthNuts cohort study with valid accelerometer data was included in the cross-sectional analysis.

A gut-focused perinatal dietary intervention is associated with lower alpha diversity of the infant gut microbiota: results from a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: In experimental models, the prenatal diet influences gut microbiota composition in mothers and offspring; however, it is unclear whether this occurs in humans. We investigated the effects of a gut-focused perinatal dietary intervention on maternal and infant gut microbiota composition four weeks after birth.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial randomised pregnant women to receive dietary advice as part of standard care, or additionally receive a dietary intervention focused on the Australian Dietary Guidelines and increasing prebiotic and probiotic/fermented food intakes (ACTRN12616000936426).

Socioeconomic adversity, maternal nutrition, and the prenatal programming of offspring cognition and language at two years of age through maternal inflammation.

Increasing rates of child neurodevelopmental vulnerability are a significant public health challenge. The adverse effect of socioeconomic adversity on offspring cognition may be mediated through elevated prenatal maternal systemic inflammation, but the role of modifiable antecedents such as maternal nutrition has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to examine (1) whether prenatal factors, with an emphasis on maternal nutrition, were associated with prenatal maternal systemic inflammation at 28 weeks' gestation, including the metabolomic marker glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA); (2) the extent to which the association between prenatal maternal nutrition and child cognition and language at age two years was mediated by elevated maternal inflammation in pregnancy; (3) the extent to which the associations between prenatal socioeconomic adversity and child neurodevelopment were mediated through prenatal maternal nutrition and GlycA levels.

Secondary analysis of neurotransmitter metabolism and cognitive function in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve adult patients with major depressive disorder.

Background & Aims: Growing evidence suggests that neurotransmitters may be associated with cognitive decline in MDD. This study primarily investigated the differences in cognitive functions between MDD patients and healthy controls, and explored the potential association between neurotransmitters and cognitive function of MDD patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 87 first-diagnosed and drug-naïve patients with MDD and 50 healthy controls.

Two-year post-treatment outcomes following peanut oral immunotherapy in the Probiotic and Peanut Oral Immunotherapy-003 Long-Term (PPOIT-003LT) study.

Background: Few studies have examined long-term outcomes following oral immunotherapy (OIT); none have examined long-term risks and benefits associated with distinct clinical outcomes (desensitization, remission).

Methods: Participants completing the probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) -003 randomized trial were enrolled in a follow-on study, PPOIT-003LT. Peanut ingestion, reactions, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were monitored prospectively.

Physical activity and circulating inflammatory markers and cytokines during pregnancy: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy has numerous benefits, which may be mediated via effects on the immune system. However, supportive evidence is inconsistent and is mainly from studies in high-risk groups. We estimated the effect of PA during pregnancy on systemic inflammatory markers and cytokines in mothers recruited in the Barwon infant study.

N-3 PUFA supplementation alleviates anxiety symptoms by manipulating erythrocyte fatty acid levels in depression.

Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently accompanied by the symptoms of clinical anxiety. Since our previous research has found that n-3 PUFA supplementation alleviates anxiety in MDD, this study was aimed to further explore whether n-3 PUFA supplementation improves anxiety symptoms in depression by directly manipulating fatty acid levels.

Methods: A secondary analysis of biomarker data (erythrocyte fatty acid composition) collected as part of the randomized clinical trial which investigated the adjunctive effect of n-3 PUFAs was conducted on 72 venlafaxine-treated outpatients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.

Longitudinal peanut and Ara h 2 specific-IgE, -IgG, and -IgG/-IgE ratios are associated with the natural resolution of peanut allergy in childhood.

Background: There are no studies of longitudinal immunoglobulin measurements in a population-based cohort alongside challenge-confirmed peanut allergy outcomes. Little is known about biomarkers for identifying naturally resolving peanut allergy during childhood.

Objectives: To measure longitudinal trends in whole peanut and component Ara h 2 sIgE and sIgG in the first 10 years of life, in a population cohort of children with challenge-confirmed peanut allergy, and to determine whether peanut-specific immunoglobulin levels or trends are associated with peanut allergy persistence or resolution by 10 years of age.

Preparing Patients for Oral Immunotherapy (PPOINT): International Delphi consensus for procedural preparation and consent.

Background: Despite the promise of oral immunotherapy (OIT) to treat food allergies, this procedure is associated with potential risk. There is no current agreement about what elements should be included in the preparatory or consent process.

Objective: We developed consensus recommendations about the OIT process considerations and patient-specific factors that should be addressed before initiating OIT and developed a consensus OIT consent process and information form.

The Prevalence of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy and Other Allergic Diseases in the First 10 Years: The Population-Based, Longitudinal HealthNuts Study.

Background: There are limited longitudinal data on the population prevalence of allergic conditions during childhood, and few studies have incorporated the reference standard oral food challenge to confirm food allergy.

Objective: To describe the population prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy, eczema, asthma, and rhinitis at ages 6 and 10 years in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods: The HealthNuts study recruited 5,276 1-year-old infants in Melbourne, Australia, with repeat assessments at ages 6 and 10 years.

Transcriptomic changes associated with oral immunotherapy for food allergy.

This review summarizes recent advances in characterizing the transcriptional pathways associated with outcomes following Oral Immunotherapy. Recent technological advances including single-cell sequencing are transforming the ways in which the transcriptional landscape is understood. The application of these technologies is still in its infancy in food allergy but here we summarize current understanding of gene expression changes following oral immunotherapy for food allergy and specific signatures underpinning the different clinical outcomes of desensitization and remission (sustained unresponsiveness).

Predicting One-year Recurrence of HCC based on Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI by Machine Learning Models.

Objective: Accurate prediction of recurrence risk after resction in patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) may help to individualize therapy strategies. This study aimed to develop machine learning models based on preoperative clinical factors and multiparameter Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) characteristics to predict the 1-year recurrence after HCC resection.

Methods: Eighty-two patients with single HCC who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed.

Differential anti-viral response to respiratory syncytial virus A in preterm and term infants.

Background: Preterm infants are more likely to experience severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease compared to term infants. The reasons for this are multi-factorial, however their immature immune system is believed to be a major contributing factor.

Methods: We collected cord blood from 25 preterm (gestational age 30.

Prediction of immunocyte infiltration and prognosis in postoperative hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The immune microenvironment (IME) is closely associated with prognosis and therapeutic response of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables non-invasive assessment of IME and predicts prognosis in HBV-HCC. We aimed to construct an MRI prediction model of the immunocyte-infiltration subtypes and explore its prognostic significance.

Associations between gender and health-related quality of life in people with IgE-mediated food allergy and their caregivers: A systematic review.

Objective: Understanding factors that impact health-related quality of life (HRQL) is essential to inform personalised food allergy management. However, there are inconsistencies about the impact of gender on HRQL in food allergy. This review aimed to collate all investigations of the association between gender and total or subdomain HRQL scores of individuals with food allergy and their caregivers.