Differentiation of intrapancreatic accessory spleen from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor using MRI R2.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of R2* in distinguishing intrapancreatic accessory spleens (IPASs) from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs).

Methods: Two radiologists (R1 and R2) retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 20 IPAS and 20 PNET patients. IPASs were diagnosed with uptake on 99mTc labeled heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy or characteristic findings on CT/MRI and ≥ 12 month-long-stability.

Long-Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Upfront Surgery for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of neoadjuvant therapy and upfront surgery on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 202 patients, including 167 who had upfront surgery and 35 who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. Surgical outcomes and survival rates were compared using propensity score matching to minimize selection bias.

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for the detection of liver metastases from melanoma.

Purpose: We aimed to assess imaging findings and detection sensitivity for melanoma liver metastases on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with melanoma liver metastasis who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated signal characteristics of liver metastases on morphologic imaging (precontrast T1- and T2-weighted imaging), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic imaging, and hepatobiliary phase (HBP).

Preoperative Prediction of Microvascular Invasion with Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Implication of Surgical Decision on the Extent of Liver Resection.

Introduction: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is one of the most important prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence, but its application in preoperative clinical decisions is limited. This study aimed to identify preoperative predictive factors for MVI in HCC and further evaluate oncologic outcomes of different types and extents of hepatectomy according to stratified risk of MVI.

Methods: Patients with surgically resected single HCC (≤5 cm) who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in a single-center retrospective study.

Efficacy of GV1001 with gemcitabine/capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma having high serum eotaxin levels (KG4/2015): an open-label, randomised, Phase 3 trial.

Background: The TeloVac study indicated GV1001 did not improve the survival of advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the cytokine examinations suggested that high serum eotaxin levels may predict responses to GV1001. This Phase III trial assessed the efficacy of GV1001 with gemcitabine/capecitabine for eotaxin-high patients with untreated advanced PDAC.

Host-induced gene silencing is a promising biological tool to characterize the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae and control fungal disease in rice.

The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating plant pathogen that threatens rice production worldwide. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) has been effectively applied to study pathogenic gene function during host-microbe interactions and control fungal diseases in various crops. In this study, the HIGS system of M.

Radiomics model versus 2017 revised international consensus guidelines for predicting malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Objectives: To evaluate a CT-based radiomics model for identifying malignant pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and compare its performance with the 2017 international consensus guidelines (ICGs).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included 194 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic IPMNs between January 2008 and December 2020. Surgical histopathology was the reference standard for diagnosing malignancy.

Risk Stratification of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Undergoing Curative-Intent Surgery after Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Purpose: Clinical prognostic criteria using preoperative factors were not developed for post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) surgery of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We aimed to identify preoperative factors associated with overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgery and develop risk stratification criteria.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgeries between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Sonazoid Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography: 2023 Guidelines From the Korean Society of Radiology and the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology.

Sonazoid, a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, was introduced for the diagnosis of hepatic nodules. To clarify the issues with Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Korean Society of Radiology and Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology collaborated on the guidelines. The guidelines are de novo, evidence-based, and selected using an electronic voting system for consensus.

Steatotic hepatocellular carcinoma: Association of MRI findings to underlying liver disease and clinicopathological characteristics.

Background & Aims: Fatty change is commonly observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the characteristics of steatotic and steatohepatitic HCCs are not well understood.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with HCCs who underwent resection between January 2014 and December 2019 to evaluate clinicopathological and magnetic resonance imaging features. Tumours were categorized as magnetic resonance imaging-steatotic, pathology-steatotic and steatohepatitic HCCs and were defined as HCCs with ≥50% steatosis on in-and-oppose phase images, ≥34% tumour cells with lipid droplets and ≥50% tumour areas with steatohepatitic features on light microscopy respectively.

A preoperative scoring system to predict lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The abnormality of imaging finding of lymph node (LN) has demonstrated unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy for pathologic lymph node metastasis (LNM). We aimed to develop and validate a simple scoring system predicting LNM in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) prior to surgery based on MRI and clinical findings.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for treatment-naïve iCCA from six institutions between January 2009 and December 2015.

Regional lymph node metastasis detected on preoperative CT and/or FDG-PET may predict early recurrence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after curative resection.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of regional lymph node (LN) metastasis detected on preoperative CT and/or F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans in the prediction of early tumor recurrence after curative surgical resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This retrospective study included 137 patients who underwent upfront surgery with R0 resection of PDAC between 2013 and 2016. Regional LN metastasis was identified using two criteria: positive findings for regional LN metastasis on either preoperative CT or FDG-PET scans (LN), or on both preoperative CT and FDG-PET scans (LN).

Evaluation of the 8th Edition AJCC Staging System for the Clinical Staging of Pancreatic Cancer.

The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for pancreatic cancer (PC) has been validated for pathological staging; however, its significance for clinical staging remains uncertain. We validated the prognostic performance and suitability of the current staging system for the clinical staging of PC. We identified 1043 patients from our PC registry who were staged by imaging according to the 8th edition staging system and conducted analysis, including overall survival (OS) comparison.

Comparison of imaging findings of macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma using CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

Objectives: To investigate the imaging findings of macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC) on CT and MRI, and examine their diagnostic performance and prognostic significance.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 220 consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection between June 2009 and December 2013 for single treatment-naïve HCC, who have preoperative CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Independent reviews of histopathology and imaging were performed by two reviewers.

Optimal imaging criteria and modality to determine Milan criteria for the prediction of post-transplant HCC recurrence after locoregional treatment.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the optimal radiologic method to determine Milan criteria (MC) for the prediction of recurrence in patients who underwent locoregional treatment (LRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and subsequent liver transplantation (LT).

Methods: This retrospective study included 121 HCC patients who underwent LRT and had both liver dynamic CT and MRI. They were classified with MC using four cross combinations of two imaging modalities (CT and MRI) and two diagnostic criteria (modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [mRECIST] and Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System treatment response algorithm [LI-RADS TRA]).

Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment Response in Patients with Nonmetastatic Pancreatic Cancer Using CT and CA 19-9.

Background Imaging studies have limitations in evaluating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment response. Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of combined CT and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) evaluation at 8 weeks after first-line treatment to predict overall survival (OS) of patients with nonmetastatic PDAC. Materials and Methods Patients with nonmetastatic PDAC who received first-line treatment with either chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation in a single-center PDAC cohort registry were retrospectively enrolled in the study between January 2013 and December 2016.

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging-based prognostic model for mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: As most staging systems for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are based on pathological results, preoperative prognostic prediction is limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for the overall survival of patients with mass-forming iCCA (MF-iCCA) using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 316 patients who underwent preoperative MRI and surgical resection for treatment-naive MF-iCCA from six institutions, between January 2009 and December 2015.

MRI-diagnosis of category LR-M observations in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System v2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis to determine the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HCC malignancies in Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category M (LR-M) observations and the frequency of defined LR-M imaging features on MRI using LI-RADS v2018.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies published from 1 January 2018 to 16 March 2021 reporting the probability of category LR-M in HCC and non-HCC malignancies on MRI. The pooled percentages of HCC and non-HCC malignancies in the LR-M observations were evaluated.

CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS Major Features Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) assigns a risk category for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to imaging observations. Establishing the contributions of major features can inform the diagnostic algorithm. Purpose To perform a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to establish the probability of HCC for each LI-RADS major feature using CT/MRI and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) LI-RADS in patients at high risk for HCC.