Effects of end-effector robotic arm reach training with functional electrical stimulation for chronic stroke survivors.

Background: Upper-extremity dysfunction significantly affects dependence in the daily lives of stroke survivors, limiting their participation in the social environment and reducing their quality of life.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of end-effector robotic arm reach training (RAT) with functional electrical stimulation (FES) on upper-limb motor recovery in chronic stroke survivors.

Methods: In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 28 chronic stroke survivors were randomized to receive RAT-with-FES and RAT-without-FES for 40 min/day, three times per week over a 4-week period, and the data of 26 participants were used in the final analysis.

Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper-limb robot-assisted therapy based on visual error augmentation in virtual reality (UL-RAT-VEAVR) for motor recovery and kinematics after chronic hemiparetic stroke. This study applied a single-group pre- and post-intervention study design. A total of 27 stroke survivors (20 males and 7 females; mean age 54.

Upper limb robotic rehabilitation for chronic stroke survivors: a single-group preliminary study.

[Purpose] This study aimed to assess whether robotic rehabilitation can improve upper limb function, activities of daily living performance, and kinematic performance of chronic stroke survivors. [Subjects and Methods] Participants were 21 chronic stroke survivors (19 men; 60.8 years; Mini-Mental State Examination score: 28; onset duration: 10.