Unveiling Antibiotic Resistance: Genome Sequencing of Streptomycin-Resistant Isolate.

, the causal agent of fire blight, poses a serious threat to several rosaceous plants, especially apples and pears. In this study, a spontaneous streptomycin-resistant strain (EaSmR) was isolated under laboratory conditions. Compared with the parental strain TS3128, the EaSmR strain exhibited high resistance to streptomycin (>100,000 µg/mL) and showed a significant reduction in both swimming and swarming motility.

ISG15 is involved in chondrogenic differentiation through activation of IFN-γ signaling.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was found to increase in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, few studies have been conducted to elucidate the role of IFN-γ in cartilage metabolism and regeneration. In this study, we investigated whether cartilage regeneration is driven by interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) under the control of IFN-γ.

Ir(triNHC)-Catalyzed Upcycling of Waste PET for Lactic Acid Production with Sustainable Isolation via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis.

For the upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET), encompassing both colored and fabric PET materials, we investigated the Ir(triNHC)-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of PET and methanol, leading to the production of sodium lactate with good yields. We proposed a sustainable method for isolating lactic acid from the catalytic reaction mixture of sodium lactate and regenerating the base using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). This isolation method demonstrated high effectiveness, achieving isolation of lactic acid while maintaining economic feasibility at $ 0.

Methods for Improving the Germination of (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal.

(Thunb.) Makino is known to have a seed dispersal that is thick and stony (endocarp + seeds) and has potential as a landscaping tree seed. In several Rosaceae species, seeds are covered with a hard endocarp, making the internal seeds water-impermeable and germination difficult.

Ir(tri-N-heterocyclic carbene)-catalyzed upgrading of glycerol: C-C bond formation for the synthesis of α-hydroxy acids.

Ir(triNHC) complexes catalyzed glycerol and alcohol dehydrogenative coupling, yielding diverse α-hydroxy acids. Unlike conventional conditions, Ir(triNHC) facilitated additional C-C bond formation after lactic acid production from glycerol, exhibiting high TOFs. This protocol successfully converted 1,2-propanediol and sorbitol into α-hydroxy acids, highlighting biomass-derived sources' potential as valuable platform chemicals.

A secreted form of chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) in Mycobacterium bovis BCG contributes to pathogenesis by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death of macrophages.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), and its pathogenicity is associated with its ability to evade the host defense system. The secretory form of the chorismate mutase of M. tuberculosis (TBCM, encoded by Rv1885c) is assumed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of TB; however, the mechanism remains unknown.

Dormancy-release and germination improvement of Korean bellflower (Campanula takesimana Nakai), a rare and endemic plant native to the Korean peninsula.

Korean bellflower (Campanula takesimana Nakai) is a rare and perennial herb with medicinal and ornamental values, is endemic to the Ulleung Island of Korea. In this study, we investigated the dormancy-release and germination characteristics of C. takesimana (Campanulaceae) seeds by subjecting them to varying temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C and diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 15/6, 20/10, and 25/15°C), cold stratification periods (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks at 5°C), and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg·L-1 at 15/6°C and 25/15°C) to identify the ideal seed propagation conditions.

Genomic Analysis of the Carrot Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae in Korea.

Bacterial leaf blight of carrots caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc) is an important worldwide seed-borne disease. In 2012 and 2013, symptoms similar to bacterial leaf blight were found in carrot farms in Jeju Island, Korea.

First Report of Fire Blight on Chinese hawthorn ( Bunge) Caused by in Korea.

Fire blight is one of the destructive plant diseases caused by and causes enormous economic losses worldwide. Fire blight was initially reported in apples, pears, and Chinese quince (Park et al. 2016; Myung et al.

Protection against tuberculosis achieved by dissolving microneedle patches loaded with live in a BCG prime-boost strategy.

Introduction: Skin vaccination using dissolving microneedle patch (MNP) technology for transdermal delivery is a promising vaccine delivery strategy to overcome the limitations of the existing vaccine administration strategies using syringes. To improve the traditional microneedle mold fabrication technique, we introduced droplet extension (DEN) to reduce drug loss. Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide, and BCG revaccination had failed to increase the protective efficacy against tuberculosis.

Live Mycobacterium paragordonae induces heterologous immunity of natural killer cells by eliciting type I interferons from dendritic cells via STING-dependent sensing of cyclic-di-GMP.

Exploiting the heterologous effects of vaccines is a feasible strategy to combat different pathogens. These effects have been explained by enhanced immune responses of innate immune cells. Mycobacterium paragordonae is a rare nontuberculosis mycobacterium that has temperature-sensitive properties.

The moderating effect of prefrontal response to sleep-related stimuli on the association between depression and sleep disturbance in insomnia disorder.

We investigated differences in brain activity in response to sleep-related pictures between chronic insomnia disorder (CID) patients and good sleepers (GS), and examined whether brain activity moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance in CID patients and GS. This study included 43 patients diagnosed with CID, based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3, and 42 GS. The participants kept a sleep diary, underwent nocturnal polysomnography to measure sleep parameters, and completed self-report questionnaires to assess sleep and psychiatric symptoms.

Neural activation underlying emotional interference of cognitive control in rotating shift workers: moderating effects of the prefrontal cortex response on the association between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms.

Study Objectives: This study investigated the altered neural function involved in emotional interference and its role in linking sleep disturbance and depressive/anxiety symptoms in rotating shift workers.

Methods: Sixty rotating shift workers and 61 controls performed the emotional Stroop task in three blocks (emotional-related, sleep-related, and neutral words) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessments. Sleep disturbance and depressive/anxiety symptoms were assessed using self-report measures and sleep diaries.

Novel Detection and Quantification Approach of In Vitro and In Planta Using SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR Assay.

Fire blight, caused by the bacterial pathogen , is a highly destructive disease of apple and pear. Because the apple tree gets systemically infected with and eventually dies, is a considerably important pathogen in the orchard that requires long-term management. In addition, it is crucial to prevent the spread of the pathogen by expeditious diagnosis.

First Report of causing Verticillium Wilt on Radish in South Korea.

Radish ( L.) is an important crop grown in Korea primarily for its use in kimchi, and is cultivated on an area of about 23,000ha. In September 2016, radish leaves were observed with yellowing and wilting symptoms in Gangneung (37.

Discrimination and Detection of Erwinia amylovora and Erwinia pyrifoliae with a Single Primer Set.

Erwinia amylovora and Erwinia pyrifoliae cause fire blight and black-shoot blight, respectively, in apples and pears. E. pyrifoliae is less pathogenic and has a narrower host range than that of E.

Diagnostic Value of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies: Results From Korean University-Affiliated Hospitals.

Background: Unnecessary and inappropriate laboratory testing accounts for a significant portion of waste in health care utilization. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test by examining the rate of ANA associated rheumatic disease (AARD) diagnosis among ANA tested and ANA positive subjects and positive predictive value (PPV) of ANA test leading to AARD diagnosis in different ANA titers and different subsets of patients in 5 hospitals affiliated with a university.

Methods: We retrospectively extracted data from all subjects who were tested for ANA from year 2010 to 2019.

Negative and positive sleep state misperception in patients with insomnia: factors associated with sleep perception.

Study Objectives: In the present study, factors associated with sleep perception were identified by comparing clinical characteristics and polysomnographic variables between insomnia patients with negative and positive sleep state misperception (NSSM and PSSM, respectively).

Methods: Self-reported and objective sleep measures were retrospectively collected, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory, and a questionnaire on "morning feeling" after nocturnal polysomnography in 150 patients with insomnia. Based on the misperception index (MI), participants were classified into NSSM (MI > 0, n = 115) and PSSM (MI < 0, n = 35) groups.

Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Acids via Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of a Sustainable C Chemical (Ethylene Glycol) with Alcohols.

Ir(NHC) (NHC, -heterocyclic carbene)-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of sustainable ethylene glycol and various bioalcohols can produce industrially valuable α-hydroxy acids (AHAs). This study is the first to report the sustainable synthesis of higher C AHAs, in addition to glycolic acid (C AHA) and lactic acid (C AHA). This catalytic system can be recycled to the seventh cycle while maintaining good yields.

COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to many cases and deaths worldwide. Therefore, a number of vaccine candidates have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, to date, 21 vaccines have received emergency approval for human use in at least one country.

Negative life stress, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of anterior insula activity in response to sleep-related stimuli.

Background: This study investigated the effects of anterior insula (AI) activation on the association between stress and sleep disturbance as a neurobiological basis of the trait-like degree of sleep reactivity to stress. Additionally, it examined the effects of AI activity on the association between sleep disturbance and depression.

Methods: The participants were 48 adults.

Non-Deep Simple Morphophysiological Dormancy and Germination Characteristics of var. (Kusn.) H. Hara (Gentianaceae), a Rare Perennial Herb in Korea.

This study investigated the kind of seed dormancy and seed germination of var. (Kusn.) H.

The species range-size patterns for vascular plants of Seorak Mountain (Korea): Relationship between group of life forms and phytogeography affinity along the elevational gradient.

Research on species richness patterns and the advanced elevational Rapoport rule (ERR) has been widespread in recent years; however, there is a lack of such research for the temperate mountainous regions in northeast Asia. Here, we collected plant species from the Seorak Mountain in northeast Asia through field surveys. The species were divided into 11 groups according to the life-form types and phytogeography affinities of each species.

Recombinant Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain as a Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

At present, concerns that the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants could compromise the current vaccines have been raised, highlighting the urgent demand for new vaccines capable of eliciting T cell-mediated immune responses, as well as B cell-mediated neutralizing antibody production. In this study, we developed a novel recombinant expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) (rMpg-RBD-7) that is capable of eliciting RBD-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice. The potential use of rMpg-RBD-7 as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 infections was evaluated in using mouse models of two different modules, one for single-dose vaccination and the other for two-dose vaccination.