Molecular and Phenotypic Investigation on Antibacterial Activities of Limonene Isomers and Its Oxidation Derivative against pv. .

pv. () causes a devastating bacterial leaf blight in rice. Here, the antimicrobial effects of D-limonene, L-limonene, and its oxidative derivative carveol against were investigated.

Neurofilament light chain and cardiac MIBG uptake as predictors for phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.

Background: Isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is considered as a prodromal stage of either multiple system atrophy (MSA) or Lewy body disease (LBD; Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies). However, current knowledge is limited in predicting and differentiating the type of future phenoconversion in iRBD patients. We investigated the role of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake as predictors for phenoconversion.

Alternating mealtimes during pregnancy and weaning triggers behavioral changes in adult offspring.

In Brief: Mealtime changes in pregnant mice revealed impaired neurobehavioral development in mouse offspring. This study is the basis for investigating diseases associated with neurobehavioral development of adult offspring of pregnant shift-working women.

Abstract: Most organisms on Earth have a biological clock, and their physiological processes are regulated by a 1-day cycle.

Neuroprotective Effect of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke.

The mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in vivo is unclear. We investigated whether the MIF promotes neurological recovery in an in vivo mouse model of ischemic stroke. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed to make ischemic stroke mouse model.

Mealtime shift delays conception in mice.

The physiological processes of organisms in this rotating planet can adjust according to the time of day via built-in circadian clocks. However, more people are having different shift works, which can increase the risk of pathological conditions including altered reproductive function. Thus, circadian rhythm disturbance has become prevalent in the modern society.

Changes in the characteristics of community-onset fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates causing community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in South Korea.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in the characteristics of community-onset fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) Escherichia coli isolates causing community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (APN) in South Korea.

Methods: Blood or urine samples were prospectively collected from patients aged ≥15 years with community-acquired APN who were admitted to one of the eight Korean hospitals included in this study between September 2017 and August 2018. Phylogenetic typing, multilocus sequence typing, and molecular characterization of β-lactamase resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were performed.

Five-Year Community Management Rate for Dementia Patients: A Proposed Indicator for Dementia Policies.

Background And Purpose: There is no specific indicator for monitoring dementia management. We propose an auxiliary indicator called the community management rate, defined as the proportion of dementia patients who receive informal care from close caregivers or themselves within their community population. The 5-year community management rate is the percentage of dementia patients who are receiving community management at 5 years after they were diagnosed.

Determining the Optimal Administration Conditions under Which MIF Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Inducing BDNF Expression and Inhibiting Apoptosis in an In Vitro Stroke Model.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and inducing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the optimal administration conditions of MIF are currently unknown. Here, we aimed to identify these conditions in an in vitro model.

Comparison of the clinical characteristics of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis between male and female patients.

Background: Community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) is relatively rare in men. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of CA-APN between male and female patients.

Methods: We prospectively collected the clinical and microbiological data of hospitalized CA-APN patients aged ≥19 years in South Korea from March 2010 to February 2011 in 11 hospitals and from September 2017 to August 2018 in 8 hospitals.

Galuteolin, identified in the extract of thymus quinquecostatus flowers, is involved in inhibiting melanin biosynthesis in B16/F10 melanoma cells.

To enhance the skin whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis needs to be suppressed in the skin. To achieve this goal, we examined the extract of flowers, and identified a functional ingredient, galuteolin. Galuteolin effectively inhibited melanin biosynthesis in B16/F10 cells, partially suppressing tyrosinase activity.

An Update on Sepsis Biomarkers.

Sepsis is a dysregulated systemic reaction to a common infection, that can cause life-threatening organ dysfunction. Over the last decade, the mortality rate of patients with sepsis has decreased as long as patients are treated according to the recommendations of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, but is still unacceptably high. Patients at risk of sepsis should therefore be identified prior to the onset of organ dysfunction and this requires a rapid diagnosis and a prompt initiation of treatment.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates macrophage migration inhibitory factor to protect neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a chemokine that plays an essential role in immune system function. Previous studies suggested that MIF protects neurons in ischemic conditions. However, few studies are reported on the role of MIF in neurological recovery after ischemic stroke.

Clinical and Laboratory Predictors associated with Complicated Scrub Typhus.

Background: Scrub typhus, a mite-borne disease caused by bites of -infected chiggers, is endemic in Asia-Pacific countries. In Korea, it is a seasonal disease prevalent in autumn and one of the important causes of acute undifferentiated febrile illness. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for the prediction of the severe clinical course of scrub typhus and to investigate the differences in the clinical and laboratory findings of hospitalized elderly and non-elderly patients with scrub typhus.

Effect of providing drug utilization review information on tricyclic antidepressant prescription in the elderly.

Tricyclic antidepressants are known as potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly. A notification issued in July 2015 in South Korea recommended caution while prescribing tricyclic antidepressants to the elderly. Further, since October 2015, the nationwide computerized drug utilization review monitoring system provides a pop-up window, on a real-time basis, whenever tricyclic antidepressants are prescribed to elderly outpatients.

Multiplexed Metabolic Labeling of Glycoconjugates in Polarized Primary Cerebral Cortical Neurons.

The spatial distribution of cell-surface glycoconjugates in the brain changes continuously, reflecting neurophysiology especially in the developing phase, but their functions and fates mostly remain unexplored. Their spatiotemporal distribution is particularly important in polarized neuronal cells, such as cerebral cortical neurons composed of a soma and neurites. In this work, we dually labeled sialic acid (Sia5Ac) and N-acetylgalactosamine/glucosamine (GalNAc/GlcNAc) by a neurocompatible strategy of metabolic glycan labeling, metabolism-by-tissues (MbT), and obtained the multiplexed information on their spatiotemporal distribution on polarized cortical neurons.

The medicinal mushroom - (Bull.) extract has antioxidant activity and promotes procollagen biosynthesis in HaCaT cells.

In this study, - (Bull.) extract (AAE) had potent antioxidant activity and promoted the biosynthesis of procollagen, a precursor of collagen in HaCaT cells. In addition, the expression of - (hyaluronic acid synthase), which is a moisturizing factor, was increased in HaCaT cells in response to AAE.

Accelerated Development of Hippocampal Neurons and Limited Adhesion of Astrocytes on Negatively Charged Surfaces.

This work examines the development of primary neurons and astrocytes on thoroughly controlled functional groups. Negatively charged surfaces presenting carboxylate (COO) or sulfonate (SO) groups prove beneficial to neuronal behavior, in spite of their supposed repulsive electrostatic interactions with cellular membranes. The adhesion and survival of primary hippocampal neurons on negatively charged surfaces are comparable to or slightly better than those on positively charged (poly-d-lysine-coated) surfaces, and neuritogenesis and neurite outgrowth are accelerated on COO and SO surfaces.

Neuro-Compatible Metabolic Glycan Labeling of Primary Hippocampal Neurons in Noncontact, Sandwich-Type Neuron-Astrocyte Coculture.

Glycans are intimately involved in several facets of neuronal development and neuropathology. However, the metabolic labeling of surface glycans in primary neurons is a difficult task because of the neurotoxicity of unnatural monosaccharides that are used as a metabolic precursor, hindering the progress of metabolic engineering in neuron-related fields. Therefore, in this paper, we report a neurosupportive, neuron-astrocyte coculture system that neutralizes the neurotoxic effects of unnatural monosaccharides, allowing for the long-term observation and characterization of glycans in primary neurons in vitro.

Cytoprotective Encapsulation of Individual Jurkat T Cells within Durable TiO Shells for T-Cell Therapy.

Lymphocytes, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, have therapeutic promise in adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy, where the cells are activated and expanded in vitro and then infused into a patient. However, the in vitro preservation of labile lymphocytes during transfer, manipulation, and storage has been one of the bottlenecks in the development and commercialization of therapeutic lymphocytes. Herein, we suggest a cell-in-shell (or artificial spore) strategy to enhance the cell viability in the practical settings, while maintaining biological activities for therapeutic efficacy.