Inflammation promotes synucleinopathy propagation.

The clinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases correlates with the spread of proteinopathy in the brain. The current understanding of the mechanism of proteinopathy spread is far from complete. Here, we propose that inflammation is fundamental to proteinopathy spread.

Promotes Running Endurance in Mice through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Oxidative Fiber Formation.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether , cultivated in a smart-farming system with LED lamps, could increase exercise capacity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were orally administered vehicle or water extract (LTE), either 30 or 100 mg/kg, and were subjected to moderate intensity treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. Running distance markedly increased in the LTE group (100 mg/kg) by 80 ± 4% compared to the vehicle group, which was accompanied by a higher proportion of oxidative fibers (6 ± 6% vs.

Association of Polygenetic Risk Scores Related to Immunity and Inflammation with Hyperthyroidism Risk and Interactions between the Polygenetic Scores and Dietary Factors in a Large Cohort.

Graves's disease and thyroiditis induce hyperthyroidism, the causes of which remain unclear, although they are involved with genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to evaluate polygenetic variants for hyperthyroidism risk and their interaction with metabolic parameters and nutritional intakes in an urban hospital-based cohort. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of participants with (cases;  = 842) and without (controls,  = 38,799) hyperthyroidism was used to identify and select genetic variants.

Draft genome of the Korean smelt Hypomesus nipponensis and its transcriptomic responses to heat stress in the liver and muscle.

Pond smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) is a cold-freshwater fish species and a winter economic aquaculture resource in South Korea. Because of its high susceptibility to abnormal water temperature from global warming, a large number of smelt die in hot summers. Here, we present the first draft genome of H.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Siluriformes: Bagridae) from the Geum river in Korea.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a bagrid catfish, was completely analyzed by the primer walking method. It was composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region with a total length of 16,537 bp. In the phylogenetic tree, using mitochondrial genome of 13 related sequences revealed that (MW451217) of Korea is clustered with (KC822643) of China.

ZW800-PEG: A Renal Clearable Zwitterionic Near-Infrared Fluorophore for Potential Clinical Translation.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has advanced medical imaging and image-guided interventions during the past three decades. Despite tremendous advances in imaging devices, surprisingly only a few dyes are currently available in the clinic. Previous fluorophores, ZW800-1A and ZW800-1C, significantly improved the poor performance of the FDA-approved indocyanine green.

Mental stress and physical activity interact with the genetic risk scores of the genetic variants related to sweetness preference in high sucrose-containing food and glucose tolerance.

We hypothesized that subjects with genetic variants that increase sweet taste preference would consume more sucrose-containing foods and have altered energy and glucose metabolisms, which would have interactions with lifestyles. Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) was conducted to determine genetic variants and lifestyles including nutrient intakes by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. Subjects were 8,842 adults aged 40-69 years in Ansan/Ansung cohorts in Korea.

Associations between metabolic syndrome and urinary Na-to-K ratio and glomerular filtration rate in middle-aged adults regardless of Na and K intakes.

Background: Intake of Na-to-K ratio (I-Na/K), urinary Na-to-K ratio (U-Na/K), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have been reported to be risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but results are inconsistent. We examined the hypothesis that U-Na/K, GFR, and a preference for salty foods are associated with MetS risk and the hypothesis in 8540 adults aged over 40 years without chronic kidney disease.

Methods: Participants were categorized using a U-Na/K of < 2.

Adipose sirtuin 6 drives macrophage polarization toward M2 through IL-4 production and maintains systemic insulin sensitivity in mice and humans.

Adipose tissue inflammation is a reproducible feature of obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) deficiency has previously been implicated in diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the adipocyte-specific role of Sirt6 in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic dysfunction in mice fed normal chow and in humans remains elusive. Here, using Adipoq-Cre-mediated adipocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout (aS6KO) mice, we explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism.

Total ionization cross section of cyclic organic molecules.

Two independent methods, namely, Binary-encounter Bethe (BEB) and complex scattering potential-ionization contribution (CSP-ic) methods, are employed to calculate the total ionization cross section (Q) for cyclic organic molecules from ionization threshold to 5 keV for which there is a paucity of data in the literature. The Q calculated with the (BEB/ωB97X) combination is found to give good agreement with the experimental results, the CSP-ic method, and the Q calculated from Irikura orbital energies. The Q for most of the targets are calculated for the first time over such a wide energy range.

Erratum to: PD-1 deficiency protects experimental colitis via alteration of gut microbiota.

The BMB Reports would like to correct in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS of BMB Rep. 50(11): 578-583 titled "PD-1 deficiency protects experimental colitis via alteration of gut microbiota."

The Root of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi Prevents Obesity and Glucose Intolerance and Increases Energy Metabolism in Mice.

Targeting energy expenditure offers a strategy for treating obesity more effectively and safely. In previous studies, we found that the root of Koidzumi (Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, ARA) increased energy metabolism in C2C12 cells. Here, we investigated the effects of ARA on obesity and glucose intolerance by examining energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and brown fat in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice.

PD-1 deficiency protects experimental colitis via alteration of gut microbiota.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory molecule and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation. Here, we demonstrate a role for PD-1 in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Wild-type (WT) mice had severe wasting disease during experimentally induced colitis, while mice deficient for PD-1 (PD-1-/-) did not develop colon inflammation.

Cinnamomum cassia Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice through the Increase of Muscle Energy.

The cortex of Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Cinnamomi Cortex: CC) has commonly been used for weight control in traditional medicines, but without a scientific basis. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-obesity effect of CC extract in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a HFD for 16 consecutive weeks, and orally administered CC extract (100 or 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg) or metformin (250[Formula: see text]mg/kg; positive control) daily for 16 weeks.

The Effect of Temporary Cement Cleaning Methods on the Retention of Crowns.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of temporary cement cleaning methods on the retention of cemented crowns using zinc phosphate cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

Materials And Methods: Forty titanium specimens were fabricated to simulate prepared molars with minimally retentive taper. The Ni-Cr cast crowns were fabricated, temporarily cemented, and separated.

Atractylenolide III Enhances Energy Metabolism by Increasing the SIRT-1 and PGC1α Expression with AMPK Phosphorylation in C2C12 Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Targeting energy expenditure provides a potential alternative strategy for achieving energy balance to combat obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we investigated whether atractylenolide III (AIII) regulates energy metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with AIII (10, 20, or 50 µM) or metformin (2.

The Root Extract of Pueraria lobata and Its Main Compound, Puerarin, Prevent Obesity by Increasing the Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle.

Radix (RP) has been reported to prevent obesity and improve glucose metabolism; however, the mechanism responsible for these effects has not been elucidated. The mechanism underlying anti-obesity effect of RP was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice and skeletal muscle cells (C2C12). Five-week-old C5BL/6 mice were fed a HFD containing or not containing RP (100 or 300 mg/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg) for 16 weeks.

Epimedium koreanum Nakai and its main constituent icariin suppress lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Obesity is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and has become a major health problem worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai (Herba Epimedii, HE) and its main constituent icariin on the adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. HE extract and icariin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed the expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Insulin secretion impairment in Sirt6 knockout pancreatic β cells is mediated by suppression of the FoxO1-Pdx1-Glut2 pathway.

Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a chromatin associated class III deacetylase, controls whole-body energy homeostasis and has a critical role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. To gain further insights, we studied the pathway by which Sirt6 regulates GSIS utilizing mice lacking Sirt6 in their β cells (βS6KO).

Enhanced M2 macrophage polarization in high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet.

Scope: Diet-induced obesity and consequent insulin resistance are caused, in part, by macrophage polarization and accumulation in peripheral tissues. Here, we examined the effects of endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs on macrophage chemotaxis and polarization.

Methods And Results: Fat-1 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed a 60% calorie high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks.