Effect of topical application of quercetin-3-O-(2″-gallate)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

Background: Quercetin-3-O-(2″-gallate)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (QGR) is a new quercetin derivative which is isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim, a native plant of Korea. Quercetin has several biological effects including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. However, the topical effect of QGR on atopic dermatitis (AD) like skin lesion in NC/Nga mice has not been studied.

Calcitriol May Down-Regulate mRNA Over-Expression of Toll-Like Receptor-2 and -4, LL-37 and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cultured Human Keratinocytes.

Background: Although vitamin D analogs have been used in the topical treatment of psoriasis, their mechanisms of action are not well understand. Calcitriol, the hormonally active vitamin D3 metabolite, has been demonstrated to exert immunomodulatory effects in the skin by down-regulating the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory cytokines.

Objective: We investigated the effects of calcitriol on the expression of TLR2, TLR4, antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human keratinocytes.

Topical application of Rosa multiflora root extract improves atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by mite antigen in NC/Nga mice.

The roots of Rosa multiflora THUNB. (RM) has been used in oriental traditional medicines as remedies for scabies, rheumatic arthralgia and stomatitis which were practicably related with today's inflammatory and allergic diseases. In the present study, we evaluated whether RM root extract (RME) and its major constituent, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-trans-6,7-cis-7,8-trans-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrano[2,3-f] chromene-3,7,9-triol (RM-3) belongs to condensed tannins, improve atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice induced by mite antigen.

Time-dependent progression from the acute to chronic phases in atopic dermatitis induced by epicutaneous allergen stimulation in NC/Nga mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complicated skin condition influenced by genetic background and environmental factors. In this study, we applied Dermatophagoides farinae body extract (DfE) to the barrier-disrupted skin of NC/Nga mice twice a week for 8 weeks to identify the clinical and immunological factors in AD progression. Repeated application of the DfE to the skin of NC/Nga mice showed the similar consequences for the natural course of progression in human AD, histologically and immunologically.

The changing pattern of parasitic infection among Korean populations by paleoparasitological study of Joseon Dynasty mummies.

In the coprolites of 4 recently discovered Joseon mummies of Korea, we found Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , Metagonimus yokogawai , Paragonimus westermani , and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. The current finding was compared with previous paleoparasitological data, and with recent national survey data from Korea. For A.

Aggravation of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms by consecutive low concentration of formaldehyde exposure in NC/Nga mice.

Formaldehyde (FA) has been known to be associated with development of asthma (AS) and atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, we investigated whether FA inhalation would affect the provocation or exacerbation of AD-like symptoms. Atopic-prone NC/Nga mice were exposed to low (0.

Tat peptide-admixed elastic liposomal formulation of hirsutenone for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

Background: The aim of the present study was to enhance a topical delivery of hirsutenone (HST), a naturally occuring immunomodulator, employing Tat peptide-admixed elastic liposomes (EL/T).

Methods: HST-loaded EL, consisting of phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 (85:15 w/w%), were prepared using thin film hydration method. By adding Tat peptide to EL (0.

Genetic Polymorphism of FLG in Korean Ichthyosis Vulgaris Patients.

Background: Filaggrin is a key protein that facilitates the formation of skin barrier by forming a stratum corneum. Mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) have recently been reported in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV). Interestingly, there are ethnic differences between FLG mutations identified in Asians and Europeans, and few FLG mutations are overlapping between Chinese and Japanese IV patients.

Topical application of two condensed tannins from the root of Rosa multiflora Thunberg for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in NC/Nga mice.

Recently, the isolation of several condensed tannins from the roots of Rosa multiflora Thunberg, a traditional herbal therapy in oriental medicine for rheumatoid arthritis and scabies, was described. Two of the major condensed tannins - procyanidin B-3 (ProB3) and ent-guibourtinidol-(4β → 6)-catechin (RM-1) - were then applied topically to atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions on NC/Nga mice in order to assess their immunomodulatory properties. Both ProB3 and RM-1 significantly reduced the serum levels of eosinophils, IgE and certain Th2 cytokines (IL-4, 5 and 13) (p < 0.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by phenolic compounds from roots of Rhododendron mucronulatum.

The roots of Rhododendron mucronulatum Turzaninov have been used in Oriental traditional medicine for the treatment of dysuria, fever, increase of digestive activity and tonics in China and Korea. Activity guided isolation of the roots of Rhododendron mucronulatum Turzaninov has led to the isolation of three flavonoids, one flavan 3-ol and one proanthocyanidin. Chemical investigation of the 80% Me2 CO extract from the roots of Rhododendron mucronulatum led to the isolation and identification of five compounds: taxifolin (1), taxifolin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), procyanidin B-3 (5).

Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions reduced by topical application and intraperitoneal injection of Hirsutenone in NC/Nga mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease. The increasing prevalence and severity of AD have prompted the developments of safer, more effective drugs. Although topical corticosteroids have been used as first line therapy for AD, their potential side effects limit their clinical applications.

Effect of Alnus japonica extract on a model of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

Aim Of The Study: The bark of Alnus species has long been used in traditional oriental medicine in the treatment of many pathological conditions, including fever, hemorrhage, diarrhea, alcoholism, various skin diseases (e.g. chronic herpes, eczema and prurigo), and inflammation.

Significant damage of the skin and hair following hair bleaching.

Scalp burns can be caused by hair bleaching with excess procedures such as unnecessary heating and excessive treatment with bleaching agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and histological changes of the hair and skin after bleaching. Ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide (6% or 9%) solution mixed at a ratio of 1:2 (weight ratio) were sufficiently applied to human hairs and rat skin.

Changes of antimicrobial peptides and transepidermal water loss after topical application of tacrolimus and ceramide-dominant emollient in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and downregulated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are observed in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Tacrolimus and ceramide-dominant emollients are effective in the treatment of AD by preventing the production of inflammatory cytokines and by correcting skin barrier dysfunctions, respectively. Present study was designed to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial and barrier factors by measuring the changes of AMPs and TEWL after topical application of tacrolimus and ceramide-dominant emollient in the patients with AD.

The effect of calcipotriol on the expression of human beta defensin-2 and LL-37 in cultured human keratinocytes.

Background: Vitamin D has been reported to regulate innate immunity by controlling the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

Objective: We investigated the effect of calcipotriol on the expression of AMPs in human cultured keratinocytes.

Methods: Keratinocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-alpha, Calcipotriol and irradiated with UVB, cultured, and harvested.

Facilitated skin permeation of oregonin by elastic liposomal formulations and suppression of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

To develop an external preparation of oregonin (ORG) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), conventional creams (CC) and elastic liposomes (EL) containing ORG have been formulated and examined for their in vitro skin permeation properties and in vivo therapeutic efficacy assessments. EL, consisting of soybean phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 (85 : 15 w/w %), were of flexible nanocarriers: they were about 130 nm in size and had a 4-fold greater deformability index than conventional liposomes. In a skin permeation study using a Franz diffusion cell mounted with depilated mouse skin, liposomal systems were superior to cream, revealing greater flux values.

Effect of taxifolin glycoside on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

Increased levels of eosinphils, IgE, IL-4, 5, and 13 and pro-inflammatory factors (COX-2, iNOS) are observed in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Taxifolin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (TAX) from the roots of Rhododendron mucronulatum (RM) was examined to determine whether its immunomodulatory effect was applicable for treating atopic dermatitis.A total of 7 groups of NC/Nga mice with AD were treated by topical application or intraperitoneal injection of TAX for 4 weeks.

The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of caffeoyl derivatives from the roots of Aconitum koreanum R. RAYMOND.

Activity guided fractionation of Aconitum koreanum root extract (RAK), a traditional medicine in Korea, afforded four caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid (1), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (4). In order to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds, their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and abilities to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 were examined.

Effect of topical application and intraperitoneal injection of oregonin on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.

The diarylheptanoid, oregonin (ORE), which was isolated from the bark of Alnus japonica Steudel that grows natively in Korea, has been known to exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune response inhibitory effects. The antioxidative effect of ORE was observed on the superoxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, as well as on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Expression and modulation of LL-37 in normal human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells, and inflammatory skin diseases.

Defensins and cathelicidins (LL-37) are major antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immune system of the human skin. In normal non-inflamed skin these peptides are negligible, but their expression can be markedly increased in inflammatory skin disease such as psoriasis. We designed this study to identify the expressions of LL-37 in normal human keratinocyte (NHK) and HaCaT cells after exposure to stimulants and to investigate difference of LL-37 expression accompanied with cell differentiation status, and come to understand difference of susceptibility to infection in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.