Detection of I491F and V170F rpoB Mutations Associated with Misdiagnosis of Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients with Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis Treatment Failure, Myanmar, 2022.

Detecting rifampicin resistance is crucial in selecting tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Recently, several studies reported that I491F and V170F rpoB mutations, previously designated as borderline rifampicin-resistance mutations, were found with a varying prevalence. Sputum specimens from first-line tuberculosis treatment failed patients attending Tuberculosis Centers in Yangon Region during 2022 were cultured in solid media.

Residual malaria among migrant workers in Myanmar: why still persistent and how to eliminate it?

Background: Residual malaria is probably an important source for the re-emergence of malaria infection in the elimination era. Assessment to identify the factors influencing residual malaria in high-risk groups is needed to develop evidence-based decisions by stakeholders and policymakers.

Methods: This study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the residual malaria infection among migrant workers in two sentinel sites (endemic vs.

Pyrazinamide resistance and pncA mutations in drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Myanmar.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug, which is active against semi-dormant bacilli and used as a component of first-line drugs and drug-resistant tuberculosis regimens. Mutations in pncA and its promoter region are main cause of PZA resistance. There are limited PZA susceptibility data as there is no routine drug susceptibility testing (DST) for PZA.

Genotypes and genetic characters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Myanmar using three typing methods.

Knowledge on basic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is helpful to understand the disease epidemiology and support the prediction of clinical outcome of the disease. The aim of this study was to detect the genotypes and genotypic characters of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from new and retreatment rifampicin-resistant patients using three different genotyping methods. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing was used to determine the diversity of 222 clinical isolates.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most serious health problems in Myanmar. Because TB drug resistance is associated with genetic mutation(s) relevant to responses to each drug, genotypic methods for detecting these mutations have been proposed to overcome the limitations of classic phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). We explored the current estimates of drug-resistant TB and evaluated the usefulness of genotypic DST in Myanmar.