Immune-enhancement effects of Nakai extracts via MAPK/NF-ƙB signaling pathways in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the immune-enhancement effects of Nakai extract (ANE) and its yeast-fermented extract (FAN) in cyclophosphamide (CPP)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Nakai (AGN) increased the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and immune-related cytokines in mouse splenocytes. AGN also restored CPP-induced suppression of NK cell activity and splenocyte proliferation.

Extract of ameliorates potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia by modulating renal urate transporters and renal inflammation by suppressing TLR4/MyD88 signaling.

Unlabelled: Recent studies suggest that extract (AGE) reduces hyperuricemia by preventing xanthine oxidase activity. However, its effect on renal urate transporters responsible for modulating urate excretion has not been examined. This study investigated whether AGE affects gene expressions of urate transporters using potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia rats.

Evaluation of Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves and Stems.

, a traditional plant on Ulleung Island in the Republic of Korea, has been recognized for its multiple medicinal properties. However, potential toxicity and safety analyses of have not been previously investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of ethanolic extract of leaves and stems (EAG) in terms of genotoxicity and subchronic oral animal toxicity under OECD guidelines and GLP conditions.

Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of var. Stems for Improving Cognitive Function in Elderly Subjects 55-85 Years of Age: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Many natural compounds have been reported to improve cognitive function in cell- and animal-based studies. In this clinical trial, we evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extract of var. stem for improving cognitive function using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ( = 81) in aged people.

Fermented Extracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex Sensitivity .

(PG) has been extensively utilized as an herb to relieve phlegm. In this study, the effects of PG root extracts on airway inflammation and cough reflex were investigated, especially using fermented PG extracts (FPE) to increase an active compound, platycodin D by fermentation. FPE significantly reduced the numbers of eosinophils and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from lipopolysaccharide/ovalbumin (LPS/OVA)-induced asthma mice versus those of vehicle control.

Evaluation of the safety of hair essence containing 0.05% purified bee venom on the skin and eyes of rabbits.

Objective: To investigate the safety of hair essence containing 0.05% purified bee venom (HE-PBV) on the skin and eyes of New Zealand White rabbits.

Methods: HE-PBV which contained 0.

Effects of Extract on Serum Uric Acid in Subjects with Mild Hyperuricemia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

extracts (AGE) reduced serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemia rats in several previous studies. However, its efficacy in human has not been yet explored. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of AGE on the anti-hyperuricemia effect in subjects with slightly high serum uric acid.

Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice.

The leaves of Fr. Schm. (Asteraceae) have been used to treat insomnia in Korea.

An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten.

Background: Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFIS) is used widely in Korea to treat constipation due to its diuretic effects and its enhancement of bowel function and appetite. However, its safety has not yet been established.

Synergic effect in the reduction of serum uric acid level between ethanol extract of and vitamin B.

In this study, synergistic hypoudpricemic activities between ethanol extract of (AG) and vitamin B were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities in the different parts, leaf, stem, and flower, during spring and autumn were compared. In addition, to improve hypouricemic activity, two chemicals (AG extract and vitamins) were mixed and measured inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase.

Ethanolic Extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Cholinergic Blockade in Mice.

The stem of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten is edible and has been used as a medicinal herb on Jeju Island in Korea. We previously reported that the butanolic extract of O.

Regulation of DREAM Expression by Group I mGluR.

DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator) is a calcium-binding protein that regulates dynorphin expression, promotes potassium channel surface expression, and enhances presenilin processing in an expression level-dependent manner. However, no molecular mechanism has yet explained how protein levels of DREAM are regulated. Here we identified group I mGluR (mGluR1/5) as a positive regulator of DREAM protein expression.

Calmodulin dynamically regulates the trafficking of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) 1-8 are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate excitatory neurotransmission, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. PKC regulates many aspects of mGluR function, including protein-protein interactions, Ca(2+) signaling, and receptor desensitization. However, the mechanisms by which PKC regulates mGluR function are poorly understood.