Crystalline nephropathy is a rare yet well-known condition associated with multiple myeloma and other light chain-secreting disorders. Paraproteins that are resistant to proteolysis crystallize within proximal tubular cells and cause light-chain proximal tubulopathy, which presents clinically as Fanconi syndrome. Podocytes are rarely affected, and the crystalline inclusions within podocytes are typically precipitated, yielding significant glomerular proteinuria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnoses of pyelonephritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus should be accompanied by investigations of concomitant bladder obstruction and metastatic infections, especially to the spine or heart. Complicated pyelonephritis due to S. aureus requires more than 2 weeks of antibiotics, which is the typically recommended treatment duration for pyelonephritis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrinol Metab (Seoul)
March 2014
Hyponatremia is an electrolyte abnormality commonly found in clinical practice. It is important to diagnose the underlying etiology of the hyponatremia and correct it appropriately because severe hyponatremia can cause serious complications and substantially increase the risk of mortality. Although hypothyroidism is known to be a cause of hyponatremia, it is rare that hyponatremia occurs in relation to hypothyroidism induced by thyroid hormone withdrawal in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The clinical value of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography assessments of left atrial volume in patients with left ventricular dysfunction has not been determined.
Methods: Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography and 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography were performed on the same day in 108 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and in sinus rhythm. End-systolic left atrial volumes were measured using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography images (LAV-3D) and end-systolic left atrial volumes were calculated by the biplane area-length formula using 2-dimensional echocardiography (LAV-2D).