Ifit2 deficiency restricts microglial activation and leukocyte migration following murine coronavirus (m-CoV) CNS infection.

The interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat protein (Ifit2) protects mice from lethal neurotropic viruses. Neurotropic coronavirus MHV-RSA59 infection of Ifit2-/- mice caused pronounced morbidity and mortality accompanied by rampant virus replication and spread throughout the brain. In spite of the higher virus load, induction of many cytokines and chemokines in the brains of infected Ifit2-/- mice were similar to that in wild-type mice.

Optimization of culture media of pathogenic Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by a response surface methodology.

Composition of culture medium for mass production of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM). Initially, the influence of glucose, thallium acetate, fresh yeast extract, horse serum, and porcine serum on the production of mycoplasmal protein was assessed using a 'one factor at a time' technique. Next, factors with a significant effect, including fresh yeast extract, and horse and porcine sera, were selected for further optimization using a central composite design (CCD) of RSM.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induces pro-inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production through NFκB and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells.

In the present study, we confirmed the ability of M. hyopneumoniae to induce the secretion of large amount of proinflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.

Induces , and Gene Expression as Part of the Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Cells.

Genes related to -induced inflammation were identified using the gene-fishing technology, an improved method for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using an annealing control primer (ACP) system in RAW264.7 cells. After treatment with , 16 DEGs were expressed in RAW264.

Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of orbifloxacin in beagle dogs after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orbifloxacin were studied in beagle dogs after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of tylosin or florfenicol after a single intramuscular administration at two different doses of tylosin-florfenicol combination in pigs.

Clinical pharmacokinetic profiles were investigated following intramuscular (i.m.) administration to pigs with a commercial tylosin-florfenicol combination product at a dose of 2.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin-glycine acetate after intravenous and oral administration in pigs.

The pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of norfloxacin-glycine acetate (NFLXGA) was investigated in pigs after a single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.

Surfactin C inhibits Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production in murine RAW 264.7 cells.

Intact pathogenic Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at 100 microg protein ml(-1) induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin(IL)-1, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells. After pretreatment with 50 microg surfactin C/ml, purified from Bacillus subtilis, transcription of the COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 and iNOS genes induced by M.

Effect of Various Sawdusts and Logs Media on the Fruiting Body Formation of Phellinus gilvus.

Present experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of artificial culture with various sawdust of P. gilvus. The pH value was 6.

Lipopolysaccharide-binding and neutralizing activities of surfactin C in experimental models of septic shock.

To evaluate the anti-endotoxin activity of surfactin C, we studied its lipopolysaccharide-binding activity in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in experimental models of gram-negative septic shock. The ability of surfactin C to bind LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 was determined using a limulus chromogenic assay. Male ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal administration of 1x10(9) colony forming units of E.

The anti-thrombotic activity of surfactins.

Platelet aggregation was inhibited and the density of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) clots was decreased by the preincubation of PRP with surfactins, an acidic lipopeptide of Bacillus subtilis complex BC1212 isolated from soybean paste, in dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that surfactins are able to prevent a platelet aggregation leading to an inhibition of additional fibrin clot formation, and to enhance fibrinolysis with facilitated diffusion of fibrinolytic agents.

Surfactin C inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of interleukin-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in murine RAW 264.7 cells.

The anti-inflammatory activity of the surfactin C derived from Bacillus subtilis isolate was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microg ml(-1))-treated mouse RAW 264.7 cells. LPS increased mRNA transcription of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

The effect of polyclonal antibody on intracellular calcium increase induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in porcine tracheal cells.

An investigation was undertaken to assess whether polyclonal convalescent and hyperimmune sera obtained from pigs inhibit Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induced increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+](i) in ciliated porcine tracheal cells. Basal [Ca2+](i) in the tracheal cells was 97+/-13 nM (n=22 cells in four experiments) and after exposure to M. hyopneumoniae (300 micro g/mL or 10(11) CCU/mL), [Ca2+](i) increased by 246+/-56 nM within 100 s.