Influences of extrusion parameters on physicochemical properties of textured vegetable proteins and its meatless burger patty.

Isolated soy protein, wheat gluten, and starch at ratio 5:4:1 were texturized under different moisture contents (40 and 50%) and die temperature (130 and 150 °C) by the twin-screw extruder. Physicochemical properties were firstly studied. These textured vegetable proteins (TVPs) were used to form 100% plant-based burger patties.

Fermentation of texturized vegetable proteins extruded at different moisture contents: effect on physicochemical, structural, and microbial properties.

To investigate the effect of fermentation on texturized vegetable protein (TVP), TVPs extruded at 40 and 50% feed moisture contents (MC) were fermented using at 37 °C. Physicochemical, structural and microbial properties of TVPs were determined at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h after fermentation. Integrity index of fermented TVPs did not change significantly until 24-36 h after fermentation.