Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Association With Hypokalemia Can Be a Predictor of Inferior Outcomes in COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-C0V-2), has affected many lives globally. In Singapore, majority of the infected individuals are foreign workers residing in dormitories. A retrospective review conducted over two weeks (April 13 to April 26, 2020) of migrant workers admitted to a public hospital in Singapore revealed that a significant number of them developed hypokalemia.

Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment: a review of evidence.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel β-coronavirus, belonging to the same subgenus as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus. Remdesivir, an investigational broad-spectrum antiviral agent has previously demonstrated in vitro activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and in vivo efficacy against other related coronaviruses in animal models. Its safety profile has been tested in a compassionate use setting for patients with COVID-19.

Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasingly reported in seriously ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Incidence of VTE has been reported before and results varied widely in study cohorts.

Area Of Uncertainty: Incidence of major VTE (segmental pulmonary embolism and above and proximal deep vein thrombosis) which is a contributor to mortality and morbidity is not known.

Endogenous endophthalmitis in Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a devastating complication that develops as a metastatic infection in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess (KPPLA). The existing data are heterogeneous and the actual disease burden and risk factors for the development of EE among patients with KPPLA have not been systematically examined. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the incidence of EE, temporal trend of EE, and risk factors for EE in patients with KPPLA.

The Complex Relationship between Mesenteric Panniculitis and Malignancy - A Holistic Approach is Still Needed to Understand the Diagnostic Uncertainties.

Mesenteric panniculitis is an idiopathic, localized inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the small bowel mesentery. The association of mesenteric panniculitis with malignancy, predominantly lymphomas, has been widely reported in the medical literature. In this review article, we will discuss the clinical guidelines in the diagnosis and management of mesenteric panniculitis and the clinical association between mesenteric panniculitis and malignancies.

Beyond the Liver, Hepatitis E Can Affect the Nerves, Pancreas, and Blood Vessels. Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis E: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis E, though rare, are being increasingly reported in the medical literature. In this review article, we will discuss the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, pancreatitis, and cryoglobulinemia, their clinical association with hepatitis E, and their management.

Clostridium difficile Infection in Liver Cirrhosis Carries a Higher Risk of Mortality: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection is associated with higher mortality in liver cirrhosis. This literature review discusses the risk factors associated with increased mortality in patients with C.

Prevalence of colorectal cancer in cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess patients. Do they need screening colonoscopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cryptogenic pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) could result due to compromised colonic mucosal barrier in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Association of PLA and CRC is unclear. Evidence is weak and limited to small sized studies.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Concomitant Atypical Femoral Fractures with Bisphosphonates: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Bisphosphonates are the first line of treatment for osteoporosis. Complications of bisphosphonates, such as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical femoral fractures (AFF), have been reported in the medical literature. Concomitant occurrence of both of these complications is very rare.

Endosonographic Appearances of a Rare Duodenal Tumour, Brunner's Gland Hamartoma.

Brunner's gland hamartoma (BGH) is a rare sub-epithelial tumour of the duodenum, which may cause haemorrhagic or obstructive gastrointestinal symptoms. Their accurate histological diagnosis often remains elusive before resection. Although endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is considered an excellent modality to study lesions within the gastrointestinal wall, only a few reports have described endosonographic characteristics of BGHs.

Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcification: Fahr's Disease.

Fahr's disease/syndrome is a condition defined as bilateral striato-pallido-dentate calcinosis, a neurodegenerative disease with radiological findings of symmetrical and bilateral idiopathic calcifications of the cerebellum, periventricular white matter, and basal ganglia. Clinical correlation with radiological and a calcium metabolism panel is crucial in differentiating between Fahr's disease and Fahr's syndrome. We describe a case that presented with the clinical feature of a cerebrovascular accident and had an incidental radiological finding of Fahr syndrome.

An Unusual Presentation of Parvimonas micra Infective Endocarditis.

Parvimonas micra has been identified as a prominent oral pathogen. This organism has been implicated in periodontal, soft tissue and bone infections. It causes a subacute presentation with high morbidity.

A Rare Case of Retrogastric Abscess Occurring Six Months after N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate Injection into Gastric Varices.

. Injection with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is a proven and successful therapeutic modality for treatment of patients with bleeding gastric varices. However, a variety of complications have also been associated with its use.

Extraintestinal Salmonellosis in the Immunocompromised: An Unusual Case of Pyomyositis.

Salmonella infection can cause a wide range of presentations, predominantly gastrointestinal but occasionally with cardiovascular or other extraintestinal manifestations. The diagnosis of extraintestinal salmonellosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and should be considered in patients with deep-seated abscesses especially if they are immunocompromised. We present a case of salmonella causing gastroenteritis complicated by an intramuscular abscess of the left leg.

A Rare Case of Primary Bilateral Adrenal Lymphoma.

Lymphoma may involve the adrenal glands, but primary lymphoma is rare. Only a few cases have been reported in medical literature. Primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely rare, accounting for <1% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.