XAV-19, a Swine Glyco-Humanized Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain, Targets Multiple Epitopes and Broadly Neutralizes Variants.

Amino acid substitutions and deletions in the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can reduce the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In contrast, heterologous polyclonal antibodies raised against S protein, through the recognition of multiple target epitopes, have the potential to maintain neutralization capacities. XAV-19 is a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibody raised against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Wuhan-Hu-1 Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Generation of two multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cell lines capable of osteogenic, mature osteocyte, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation.

Mesenchymal progenitors differentiate into several tissues including bone, cartilage, and adipose. Targeting these cells in vivo is challenging, making mesenchymal progenitor cell lines valuable tools to study tissue development. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from humans and animals; however, obtaining homogenous, responsive cells in a reproducible fashion is challenging.

Spectral filtering of high-order harmonics via optics-free focusing.

Controlling the wavefront of an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) high-order harmonic beam during the generation process offers the capability of modifying the beam properties without resorting to any XUV optics. By characterizing the XUV intensity profile and wavefront, we quantitatively retrieve both the size and the position of the waist of each harmonic generated in an argon jet. We show that optics-free focusing can occur under specific generating conditions leading to XUV focii of micrometer size.

Systemic inhibition or global deletion of CaMKK2 protects against post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Objective: To investigate the role of Cacalmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA).

Methods: Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgeries were performed on 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and Camkk2 mice. Half of the DMM-WT mice and all other cohorts (n = 6/group) received tri-weekly intraperitoneal (i.

High-order parametric generation of coherent XUV radiation.

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation finds numerous applications in spectroscopy. When the XUV light is generated via high-order harmonic generation (HHG), it may be produced in the form of attosecond pulses, allowing access to unprecedented ultrafast phenomena. However, the HHG efficiency remains limited.

Chondroprotective Properties of Human-Enriched Serum Following Polyphenol Extract Absorption: Results from an Exploratory Clinical Trial.

Polyphenols are widely acknowledged for their health benefits, especially for the prevention of inflammatory and age-related diseases. We previously demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol (HT) and procyanidins (PCy), alone or in combination, drive preventive anti-osteoathritic effects in vivo. However, the lack of sufficient clinical evidences on the relationship between dietary phytochemicals and osteoarthritis remains.

Optics-less focusing of XUV high-order harmonics.

By experimentally studying high-order harmonic beams generated in gases, we show how the spatial characteristics of these ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) beams can be finely controlled when a single fundamental beam generates harmonics in a thin gas medium. We demonstrate that these XUV beams can be emitted as converging beams and thereby get focused after generation. We study this optics-less focusing using a spatially chirped beam that acts as a probe located inside the harmonic generation medium.

Inhibition of CaMKK2 Enhances Fracture Healing by Stimulating Indian Hedgehog Signaling and Accelerating Endochondral Ossification.

Approximately 10% of all bone fractures do not heal, resulting in patient morbidity and healthcare costs. However, no pharmacological treatments are currently available to promote efficient bone healing. Inhibition of Ca /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) reverses age-associated loss of trabecular and cortical bone volume and strength in mice.

Olive and grape seed extract prevents post-traumatic osteoarthritis damages and exhibits in vitro anti IL-1β activities before and after oral consumption.

Polyphenols exert a large range of beneficial effects in the prevention of age-related diseases. We sought to determine whether an extract of olive and grape seed standardized according to hydroxytyrosol (HT) and procyanidins (PCy) content, exerts preventive anti-osteoathritic effects. To this aim, we evaluated whether the HT/PCy mix could (i) have in vitro anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective actions, (ii) exert anti-osteoarthritis effects in two post-traumatic animal models and (iii) retain its bioactivity after oral administration.

Two-Dimensional Frequency Resolved Optomolecular Gating of High-Order Harmonic Generation.

Probing electronic wave functions of polyatomic molecules is one of the major challenges in high-harmonic spectroscopy. The extremely nonlinear nature of the laser-molecule interaction couples the multiple degrees of freedom of the probed system. We combine two-dimensional control of the electron trajectories and vibrational control of the molecules to disentangle the two main steps in high-harmonic generation-ionization and recombination.

Spatio-spectral structures in high-order harmonic beams generated with Terawatt 10-fs pulses.

A large international effort is nowadays devoted to increase the energy of the extreme ultraviolet pulses by using high-peak power ultrashort fundamental pulses (Terawatt level). Using such fundamental pulses brings specific constraints that need to be addressed. Here we study high-order harmonic generation in gases with 10 fs pulses at Terawatt peak power and demonstrate that extreme ultraviolet beams can be highly structured and complex in various conditions.

Enhanced high harmonic generation driven by high-intensity laser in argon gas-filled hollow core waveguide.

We show that a significant enhancement of the photon flux produced by high harmonic generation can be obtained through guided configuration at high laser intensity largely above the saturation intensity. We identify two regimes. At low pressure, we observe an intense second plateau in the high harmonic spectrum in argon.

Nutraceuticals in joint health: animal models as instrumental tools.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with no curative treatments. Many studies have begun to demonstrate the efficacy of nutraceuticals for slowing down OA. Animal models are utilized as a compulsory step in demonstrating the protective potential of these compounds on joint health.

Short pulse carrier-envelope phase absolute single-shot measurement by photoionization of gases with a guided laser beam.

We present an all optical approach to measure the value of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a short intense laser pulse. This method relies on photo-ionization of gases with a guided laser beam. This approach that provides the absolute value of the CEP, is compatible with single shot characterization, is scalable in wavelength, does not suffer from bandwidth limitation and is largely intensity independent.

Inhomogeneous high harmonic generation in krypton clusters.

High order harmonic generation from clusters is a controversial topic: conflicting theories exist, with different explanations for similar experimental observations. From an experimental point of view, separating the contributions from monomers and clusters is challenging. By performing a spectrally and spatially resolved study in a controlled mixture of clusters and monomers, we are able to isolate a region of the spectrum where the emission purely originates from clusters.

High-harmonic transient grating spectroscopy of NO2 electronic relaxation.

We study theoretically and experimentally the electronic relaxation of NO(2) molecules excited by absorption of one ∼400 nm pump photon. Semiclassical simulations based on trajectory surface hopping calculations are performed. They predict fast oscillations of the electronic character around the intersection of the ground and first excited diabatic states.

Role of the ionic potential in high harmonic generation.

Recollision processes provide direct insight into the structure and dynamics of electronic wave functions. However, the strength of the process sets its basic limitations--the interaction couples numerous degrees of freedom. In this Letter we decouple the basic steps of the process and resolve the role of the ionic potential which is at the heart of a broad range of strong field phenomena.

Conical intersection dynamics in NO2 probed by homodyne high-harmonic spectroscopy.

Conical intersections play a crucial role in the chemistry of most polyatomic molecules, ranging from the simplest bimolecular reactions to the photostability of DNA. The real-time study of the associated electronic dynamics poses a major challenge to the latest techniques of ultrafast measurement. We show that high-harmonic spectroscopy reveals oscillations in the electronic character that occur in nitrogen dioxide when a photoexcited wave packet crosses a conical intersection.

Phase characterization of the reflection on an extreme UV multilayer: comparison between attosecond metrology and standing wave measurements.

We characterize the phase shift induced by reflection on a multilayer mirror in the extreme UV range (80-93 eV) using two techniques: one based on high order harmonic generation and attosecond metrology (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions), and a second based on synchrotron radiation and measurements of standing waves (total electron yield). We find an excellent agreement between the results from the two measurements and a flat group delay shift (±40 as) over the main reflectivity peak of the mirror.

Controlling high harmonics generation by spatial shaping of high-energy femtosecond beam.

We demonstrate controlled high-order harmonic generation in gas using high-energy femtosecond pulses (50 fs-50 mJ on target) by performing spatial shaping of the terrawatt fundamental laser beam. We have developed a two optical paths mirror that can withstand high power and shape the pump beam into a quasi-flat-top profile (super Gaussian) near focus. We observe clear signatures of the spatial shaping on the harmonic beam in terms of profile, divergence, level of signal, and spectrum.

High harmonic spectroscopy of multichannel dynamics in strong-field ionization.

We perform high harmonic generation spectroscopy of aligned nitrogen molecules to characterize the attosecond dynamics of multielectron rearrangement during strong-field ionization. We use the spectrum and ellipticity of the harmonic light to reconstruct the relative phase between different ionization continua participating in the ionization, and thus determine the shape and location of the hole left in the molecule by strong-field ionization. Our interferometric technique uses transitions between the ionic states, induced by the laser field on the subcycle time scale.

Post-compression of high-energy femtosecond pulses using gas ionization.

We present a new optical post-compression technique designed for high-energy ultrashort pulses. A large spectral broadening is achieved through rapid ionization of helium by an intense pulse (>10(15) W/cm(2)) propagating in a capillary filled with low-pressure helium. The blueshifted pulses are re-compressed with chirped mirrors and silica plates.

High-order harmonic generation at a megahertz-level repetition rate directly driven by an ytterbium-doped-fiber chirped-pulse amplification system.

We report the first experimental demonstration (to our knowledge) of high-order harmonic generation in rare gases driven by a state-of-the-art high-power Yb-doped-fiber chirped-pulse amplification system. The fiber laser delivers 270 fs pulses in the 30-100 microJ energy range at repetition rates varying from 100 kHz to 1 MHz. A proper focalization allows reaching several 10(13) W/cm2 in a gas jet.