Sugar tax and product reformulation proposals reduce the perceived legitimacy of health-promotion institutions: a randomized population-based survey experiment.

Background: Structural nutrition interventions like a sugar tax or a product reformulation are strongly supported among the public health community but may cause a considerable backlash (e.g. inspiring aversion to institutions initiating the interventions among citizens).

Receptive to an authoritative voice? Experimental evidence on how patronizing language and stressing institutional sources affect public receptivity to nutrition information.

Common strategies to make official nutrition information more persuasive include highlighting its institutional sources and using simple and direct language. However, such strategies may be counterproductive, as institutions are no longer self-evidently deemed to be legitimate in contemporary societies and such language can be viewed as patronizing. Our preregistered, population-based survey experiment fielded among a high-quality Dutch probability sample in February 2022 ( = 1947) 1) examines whether these dominant strategies hold up when tested against suggestions of psychological reactance and source derogation, and 2) scrutinizes if such responses are stronger among less-educated citizens.

Suggested explanations for the (in)effectiveness of nutrition information interventions among adults with a low socioeconomic status: a scoping review.

Unhealthy diets are a major threat to population health and are especially prevalent among those with a low socioeconomic status (SES). Health promotion initiatives often rely on nutrition information interventions (NIIs), but are usually less effective among adults with a low SES than in their high-SES counterparts. Explanations for this lower effectiveness are set out in extant studies.

The Ramp Atlas: facilitating tissue and cell-specific ramp sequence analyses through an intuitive web interface.

Ramp sequences occur when the average translational efficiency of codons near the 5' end of highly expressed genes is significantly lower than the rest of the gene sequence, which counterintuitively increases translational efficiency by decreasing downstream ribosomal collisions. Here, we show that the relative codon adaptiveness within different tissues changes the existence of a ramp sequence without altering the underlying genetic code. We present the first comprehensive analysis of tissue and cell type-specific ramp sequences and report 3108 genes with ramp sequences that change between tissues and cell types, which corresponds with increased gene expression within those tissues and cells.

Why are anti-smoking health-information interventions less effective among low-socioeconomic status groups? A systematic scoping review.

Issues: This paper identifies and synthesises explanations proposed in the literature for the (in)effectiveness of institutional anti-smoking health-information interventions (HII) among low-socioeconomic status (SES) adults in high-income countries.

Approach: We searched eight databases for relevant papers from various disciplines: Studies published in English since 2009, on the effectiveness among low-SES adults of anti-smoking HIIs, aimed at changing knowledge/behaviour, and conducted by official institutions, were included. Through a scoping review, we synthesised: study design, SES indicator, intervention type, intervention source, study population, outcomes, low-SES effects, equity effects, proposed explanations and whether these were studied empirically.

An incongruous intervention: Exploring the role of anti-institutionalism in less-educated individual's limited uptake of nutrition information.

Despite many efforts, nutritional health interventions have been largely unable to reduce health inequalities between less- and more-educated individuals, since their effectiveness among the former is often limited. Conventionally, adverse financial circumstances and poorer health literacy are argued to explain this. Drawing on recent sociological insights, we propose a complementing and novel sociocultural explanation based on how contemporary power relations in society breed anti-institutionalism among less-educated individuals.

CUBAP: an interactive web portal for analyzing codon usage biases across populations.

Synonymous codon usage significantly impacts translational and transcriptional efficiency, gene expression, the secondary structure of both mRNA and proteins, and has been implicated in various diseases. However, population-specific differences in codon usage biases remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a web server, https://cubap.

[A woman with a sclerotic plaque and a bulla].

A 63-year-old woman had a sclerotic plaque with a bulla under her left breast. Histopathological examination of a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of bullous morphea. Bullae are rarely seen in morphea.

Twelve-week treatment of lentigo maligna with imiquimod results in a high and sustained clearance rate.

Topical imiquimod cream is increasingly applied in the treatment of lentigo maligna (LM), in particular for large lesions where surgery may lead to disfiguring scars. Published studies suggest that more frequent and prolonged treatment with topical imiquimod is associated with higher efficacy. In this study we prospectively treated 27 patients suffering from LM on the face with imiquimod 5% cream using an intensive treatment regimen consisting of daily applications for 12 weeks inducing skin inflammation for at least 10 weeks.

[A boy with nail abnormalities].

A 12-year-old boy consulted the dermatologist for nail abnormalities. Three weeks earlier, he was treated with doxycycline 100 mg BID for 10 days because of erythema chronicum migrans. Following sun exposure, the patient had developed distal onycholysis surrounded by a hyperpigmented zone.

Hospital volume and patient outcomes after cholecystectomy in Scotland: retrospective, national population based study.

Objectives: To define associations between hospital volume and outcomes following cholecystectomy, after adjustment for case mix using a national database.

Design: Retrospective, national population based study using multilevel modelling and simulation.

Setting: Locally validated administrative dataset covering all NHS hospitals in Scotland.

Fixed dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome: a descriptive and computational modeling approach.

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) may occur after trauma, usually to one limb, and is characterized by pain and disturbed blood flow, temperature regulation and motor control. Approximately 25% of cases develop fixed dystonia. Involvement of dysfunctional GABAergic interneurons has been suggested, however the mechanisms that underpin fixed dystonia are still unknown.

Treatment of lentigo maligna with imiquimod cream: a long-term follow-up study of 10 patients.

Background: The first choice of treatment for lentigo maligna (LM) is excision. Initial studies of treatment with imiquimod 5% cream have shown promising results with excellent cosmetic outcome, but the follow-up duration in these studies was short.

Objectives: To evaluate the results of treatment of patients with LM with imiquimod in routine clinical practice with long-term follow-up.

Where creativity resides: the generative power of unconscious thought.

In three experiments, the relation between different modes of thought and the generation of "creative" and original ideas was investigated. Participants were asked to generate items according to a specific instruction (e.g.

Soluble E-selectin and soluble ICAM-1 levels as markers of the activity of atopic dermatitis in children.

The expression of adhesion molecules is up-regulated in the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, and the levels of the soluble adhesion molecules sE-selectin and sICAM-1 have been reported to reflect the endothelial activation in the skin of AD patients. The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between symptom score and levels of sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 before and after 2 weeks of treatment. Eighteen children with an exacerbation of AD were admitted and treated with corticosteroid dilutions under occlusive wet dressings (wet-wrap treatment).