Cyclin switch tailors a cell cycle variant to orchestrate multiciliogenesis.

Meiosis, endoreplication, and asynthetic fissions are variations of the canonical cell cycle where either replication or mitotic divisions are muted. Here, we identify a cell cycle variantconserved across organs and mammals, where both replication and mitosis are muted, and that orchestrates the differentiation of post-mitotic progenitors into multiciliated cells (MCCs). MCC progenitors reactivate most of the cell cycle transcriptional program but replace the temporal expression of cyclins E2 and A2 with non-canonical cyclins O and A1.

Cyclin O controls entry into the cell-cycle variant required for multiciliated cell differentiation.

Multiciliated cells (MCCs) ensure fluid circulation in various organs. Their differentiation is marked by the amplification of cilia-nucleating centrioles, driven by a genuine cell-cycle variant, which is characterized by wave-like expression of canonical and non-canonical cyclins such as Cyclin O (CCNO). Patients with CCNO mutations exhibit a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia called reduced generation of motile cilia (RGMC).

Neuro-cognitive multilevel causal modeling: A framework that bridges the explanatory gap between neuronal activity and cognition.

Explaining how neuronal activity gives rise to cognition arguably remains the most significant challenge in cognitive neuroscience. We introduce neuro-cognitive multilevel causal modeling (NC-MCM), a framework that bridges the explanatory gap between neuronal activity and cognition by construing cognitive states as (behaviorally and dynamically) causally consistent abstractions of neuronal states. Multilevel causal modeling allows us to interchangeably reason about the neuronal- and cognitive causes of behavior while maintaining a physicalist (in contrast to a strong dualist) position.

Actin-based deformations of the nucleus control mouse multiciliated ependymal cell differentiation.

Ependymal cells (ECs) are multiciliated cells in the brain that contribute to cerebrospinal fluid flow. ECs are specified during embryonic stages but differentiate later in development. Their differentiation depends on genes such as GEMC1 and MCIDAS in conjunction with E2F4/5 as well as on cell-cycle-related factors.

DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF AN INHERITED RETINAL DISEASE GENE PANEL IN RETINOPATHY OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN.

Purpose: Evaluating the presence of class 3, 4, and 5 genetic variants in inherited retinal disease (IRD) genes in patients with retinopathy of unknown origin (RUO).

Methods: Multicentric retrospective study of RUO cases diagnosed between January 2012 and February 2022. General and ophthalmologic history, complete ophthalmologic examination, antiretinal antibodies, and IRD gene panel results were analyzed in every patient.

Rapid volcanic ash entombment reveals the 3D anatomy of Cambrian trilobites.

Knowledge of Cambrian animal anatomy is limited by preservational processes that result in compaction, size bias, and incompleteness. We documented pristine three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of trilobites fossilized through rapid ash burial from a pyroclastic flow entering a shallow marine environment. Cambrian ellipsocephaloid trilobites from Morocco are articulated and undistorted, revealing exquisite details of the appendages and digestive system.

An eye on equity: faricimab-driven health equity improvements in diabetic macular oedema using a distributional cost-effectiveness analysis from a UK societal perspective.

Background/objectives: Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, with significant disease burden associated with socio-economic deprivation. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) allows evaluation of health equity impacts of interventions, estimation of how health outcomes and costs are distributed in the population, and assessments of potential trade-offs between health maximisation and equity. We conducted an aggregate DCEA to determine the equity impact of faricimab.

Nanoparticle-Terpene Fusion: A Game-Changer in Combating Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by .

Pathogenic () are opportunistic free-living amoebae and are the causative agents of a very rare but severe brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The fatality rate of PAM in reported cases is more than 95%. Most of the drugs used against infections are repurposed drugs.

Therapeutic benefit of idebenone in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: The LEROS nonrandomized controlled trial.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease leading to rapid and severe bilateral vision loss. Idebenone has been shown to be effective in stabilizing and restoring vision in patients treated within 1 year of onset of vision loss. The open-label, international, multicenter, natural history-controlled LEROS study (ClinicalTrials.

[Chronic diarrhoea and weight loss secondary to nicotine use in an adolescent].

Chronic diarrhoea is described as diarrhoea lasting more than 4 weeks. The underlying causes are multiple and the diagnostic orientation depends on several anamnestic and clinical elements. The basic work-up includes biology and stool analysis.

Intravenous lipid emulsion for a life-threatening prothipendyl intoxication.

Prothipendyl, a lipophilic neuroleptic drug, requires a careful dosage regimen due to its potential side effects, including life-threatening arrhythmias.This report outlines a case of severe prothipendyl intoxication, its management and the successful utilisation of Intralipid, an intravenous lipid emulsion, in treating ventricular arrhythmia postmassive prothipendyl ingestion. Additionally, the mechanism of action of Intralipid and the rebound concentration of the lipophilic drug in such scenarios are discussed.

Choroid plexuses carry nodal-like cilia that undergo axoneme regression from early adult stage.

Choroid plexuses (ChPs) produce cerebrospinal fluid and sense non-cell-autonomous stimuli to control the homeostasis of the central nervous system. They are mainly composed of epithelial multiciliated cells, whose development and function are still controversial. We have thus characterized the stepwise order of mammalian ChP epithelia cilia formation using a combination of super-resolution-microscopy approaches and mouse genetics.

Live-Imaging Centriole Amplification in Mouse Brain Multiciliated Cells.

Multiciliated cells (MCC) display on their apical surface hundreds of beating cilia that propel physiological fluids. They line brain ventricles where they propel the cerebrospinal liquid, airways where they clear mucus and pathogens and reproductive ducts where they concentrate the sperm in males or drive the egg along the oviducts in females. Motile cilia are nucleated from basal bodies which are modified centrioles.

Surgical management of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: A systematic review.

Objective: There is currently no recommendation on the optimal surgical management for dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). The aim of this study is to systematically review the surgical management of DON and its outcome on visual acuity (VA).

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.

Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Treatments for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Illustration of an Aggregate Analysis and its Key Drivers.

Background And Objective: Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) facilitates quantitative assessments of how health effects and costs are distributed among population subgroups, and of potential trade-offs between health maximisation and equity. Implementation of DCEA is currently explored by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. Recent research conducted an aggregate DCEA on a selection of NICE appraisals; however, significant questions remain regarding the impact of the characteristics of the patient population (size, distribution by the equity measure of interest) and methodologic choices on DCEA outcomes.

DNA Segregation in Enterobacteria.

DNA segregation ensures that cell offspring receive at least one copy of each DNA molecule, or replicon, after their replication. This important cellular process includes different phases leading to the physical separation of the replicons and their movement toward the future daughter cells. Here, we review these phases and processes in enterobacteria with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms at play and their controls.

Persistent contamination of a hospital hot water network by Legionellapneumophila.

Objectives: We assessed the contamination with Legionella pneumophila (Lp) of the hot water network (HWN) of a hospital, mapped the risk of contamination, and evaluated the relatedness of isolates. We further validated phenotypically the biological features that could account for the contamination of the network.

Methods: We collected 360 water samples from October 2017 to September 2018 in 36 sampling points of a HWN of a building from a hospital in France.

Gut Microbiota Remodeling and Intestinal Adaptation to Lipid Malabsorption After Enteroendocrine Cell Loss in Adult Mice.

Background & Aims: Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and their hormones are essential regulators of whole-body energy homeostasis. EECs sense luminal nutrients and microbial metabolites and subsequently secrete various hormones acting locally or at a distance. Impaired development of EECs during embryogenesis is life-threatening in newborn mice and humans due to compromised nutrient absorption.

Staying with the trouble of networks.

Networks have risen to prominence as intellectual technologies and graphical representations, not only in science, but also in journalism, activism, policy, and online visual cultures. Inspired by approaches taking trouble as occasion to (re)consider and reflect on otherwise implicit knowledge practices, in this article we explore how problems with network practices can be taken as invitations to attend to the diverse settings and situations in which network graphs and maps are created and used in society. In doing so, we draw on cases from our research, engagement and teaching activities involving making networks, making sense of networks, making networks public, and making network tools.

Targeted High-Throughput Sequencing Enables the Detection of Single Nucleotide Variations in CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-Edited Organisms.

Similar to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) produced by classical genetic engineering, gene-edited (GE) organisms and their derived food/feed products commercialized on the European Union market fall within the scope of European Union Directive 2001/18/EC. Consequently, their control in the food/feed chain by GMO enforcement laboratories is required by the competent authorities to guarantee food/feed safety and traceability (2003/1829/EC; 2003/1830/EC). However, their detection is potentially challenging at both the analytical and interpretation levels since this requires methodological approaches that can target and detect a specific single nucleotide variation (SNV) introduced into a GE organism.

Autologous Bone Graft From the Ipsilateral Distal Femur in Tibial Condyle Fractures.

Fractures of the proximal tibia often require void filling to support articular fragments in combination with internal fixation. The most common techniques are iliac autograft, allograft, or synthetic bone graft substitutes.The distal femur and its large volume condyles are a source of cancellous bone graft within the surgical site of an open reduction and internal fixation procedure.

High-frequency synthetic apomixis in hybrid rice.

Introducing asexual reproduction through seeds - apomixis - into crop species could revolutionize agriculture by allowing F1 hybrids with enhanced yield and stability to be clonally propagated. Engineering synthetic apomixis has proven feasible in inbred rice through the inactivation of three genes (MiMe), which results in the conversion of meiosis into mitosis in a line ectopically expressing the BABYBOOM1 (BBM1) parthenogenetic trigger in egg cells. However, only 10-30% of the seeds are clonal.