Debris and Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals: A Comparative Study of Ultrasonic and Sonic Irrigant Activation Techniques.

The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of three irrigant activation devices with a control of non-activated syringe and needle irrigation in curved root canals. Sixty human curved roots were endodontically prepared and divided into four groups (n = 15) with similar root curvature distributions. Final irrigation using 4% NaOCl was performed with a syringe and needle (30-G) alone, or with Eddy sonic powered irrigation system (polymeric tip #0.

Preparation and filling of small oval root canals: influence of file system and sealer.

Objective: To carry out a morphometric analysis of small oval root canals prepared with different instruments (part 1) and filled with different sealers (part 2).

Method And Materials: Ninety extracted mandibular incisors with small oval root canals were instrumented with Self-Adjusting File (n = 45), XP-endo Finisher (n = 15), GentleFile (n = 15), or Reciproc (n = 15). All groups of part 1 were filled with AH Plus (n = 15 each).

Can Type of Instrumentation and Activation of the Final Irrigant Improve the Obturation Quality in Oval Root Canals? A Push-Out Bond Strength Study.

To appraise the outcome of file systems and activation of the final irrigant on the push-out bond strength of root fillings in oval canals. Single-rooted mandibular premolars ( = 180) with oval canals were divided into three groups ( = 60) for instrumentation: ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO), and Self-adjusting File (SAF). The specimens were further divided into subgroups ( = 20) and subjected to final irrigation with activation by EndoActivator or passive ultrasonic irrigation or without activation.

Reflected near-infrared light versus bite-wing radiography for the detection of proximal caries: A multicenter prospective clinical study conducted in private practices.

Objectives: The aim of the present prospective multicenter clinical study was to compare the detection of proximal caries with near-infrared light reflection (NILR) versus bitewing radiography (BWR).

Materials And Methods: Intraoral scans were performed on 100 patients in five dental clinics using an intraoral scanner (iTero Element 5D, Align Technology, Tempe, AZ, USA) that includes a near-infrared light source (850 nm) and sensor. Reflected near-infrared light images of posterior teeth were used by the individual dentists to detect proximal caries and the results were compared to the BWRs.

Enterococcus faecalis sustained infection induces macrophage pro-resolution polarization.

Aim: To investigate macrophage function in the presence of sustained infection with Enterococcus faecalis, a prevalent root canal resident in asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

Methodology: The human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was differentiated into macrophages by exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and the cultures were inoculated with E. faecalis for up to 48 h.

Apical debris extrusion during instrumentation of oval root canals in primary teeth using manual versus motorized files: an ex vivo study.

This study aimed to assess the apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation of primary canines using three endodontic file types. Forty-five extracted primary canines were randomly assigned to three instrumentation groups (n = 15): Hand K-files; and the motorized Kedo-S files and XP-endo Shaper files. The apically extruded debris produced during the procedure was collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes, and the mass of debris was calculated.

Effect of Adaptive, Rotary, and Manual Root Canal Instrumentation in Primary Molars: A Triple-Armed, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

This clinical trial focused on collating the instrumentation time and quality of root canal obturation in primary molars treated with three instrumentation techniques: adaptive, rotary, and manual. A triple-armed, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 75 primary molars requiring pulpectomy treatment, divided into three groups ( = 25 per group). The teeth in Group 1 were instrumented with an adaptive technique (XP-endo Shaper, FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), Group 2 with pediatric rotary files (Kedo-S; D1 and E1), and Group 3 with a manual technique (hand K-files).

Prevalence of dens invaginatus in young Israeli population and its association with clinical morphological features of maxillary incisors.

Dens invaginatus is an anomaly mostly observed in maxillary incisors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dens invaginatus in maxillary incisors in young Israeli population and to study its potential association with clinical coronal morphological features. Data was collected from periapical radiographs and clinical photographs of patients from Orthodontics Department between 2006 and 2018.

Cleanliness and erosion of root canal walls after irrigation with a new HEDP-based solution vs. traditional sodium hypochlorite followed by EDTA. A scanning electron microscope study.

Objectives: To compare the cleanliness and erosion of root canal walls after the use of a new HEDP (1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid) -based irrigant with that achieved by irrigation with sodium hypochlorite followed by EDTA.

Materials And Methods: Forty recently extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared with ProTaper Next files to size X3, using either HEDP-containing 3% sodium hypochlorite, throughout the procedure (n = 20), or 3% sodium hypochlorite followed by a final rinse with 17% EDTA (n = 20), which were both applied with a syringe and needle. Ten additional teeth were prepared and irrigated with saline and served as negative controls.

Root canal configuration and root wall thickness of first maxillary premolars in an Israeli population. A Cone-beam computed tomography study.

Anatomical features of first maxillary premolars may greatly affect endodontic and following restorative treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate root canal configuration and root wall thickness of first maxillary premolars using a preexisting CBCT database. A CBCT database of 400 first maxillary premolar was used to study canal configuration, presence of furcation-facing groove on the buccal root and root wall thickness.

Multi-Step Topochemical Pathway to Metastable MoAlB and Related Two-Dimensional Nanosheet Heterostructures.

The rational synthesis of metastable inorganic solids, which is a grand challenge in solid-state chemistry, requires the development of kinetically controlled reaction pathways. Topotactic strategies can achieve this goal by chemically modifying reactive components of a parent structure under mild conditions to produce a closely related analogue that has otherwise inaccessible structures and/or compositions. Refractory materials, such as transition metal borides, are difficult to structurally manipulate at low temperatures because they generally are chemically inert and held together by strong covalent bonds.

Circumferential root strains generated during lateral compaction with stainless steel vs. nickel-titanium finger spreaders.

The circumferential strains created in the radicular dentin by nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS) finger spreaders (FSs) during a simulated clinical procedure of lateral compaction were compared after minimal (size 50) and extensive (size 100) canal preparations. Nineteen maxillary central incisors underwent minimal preparation, while 10 underwent an extra phase of extensive preparation. Four miniature strain gauges were bonded circumferentially in the apical third of the root (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal).

Topochemical Deintercalation of Al from MoAlB: Stepwise Etching Pathway, Layered Intergrowth Structures, and Two-Dimensional MBene.

The synthesis of refractory materials usually relies on high-temperature conditions to drive diffusion-limited solid-state reactions. These reactions result in thermodynamically stable products that are rarely amenable to low-temperature topochemical transformations that postsynthetically modify subtle structural features. Here, we show that topochemical deintercalation of Al from MoAlB single crystals, achieved by room-temperature reaction with NaOH, occurs in a stepwise manner to produce several metastable Mo-Al-B intergrowth phases and a two-dimensional MoB (MBene) monolayer, which is a boride analogue to graphene-like MXene carbides and nitrides.

Effect of root morphology on the susceptibility of endodontically treated teeth to vertical root fracture: An ex-vivo model.

Vertical root fracture (VRF) of endodontically treated teeth is relatively common, and the involved teeth have a poor prognosis. Previous destructive methodologies applied force to the root in an uneven manner; thus, the associated experiments could not truly assess the mechanical behavior of VRF. This problem was resolved in the current study via the novel application of a bursting pressure methodology to endodontically treated maxillary central incisors and premolars.

Assessment of the fracture resistance of teeth instrumented using 2 rotary and 2 reciprocating files versus the Self-Adjusting File (SAF): An ex vivo comparative study on mandibular premolars.

Aim: Current ex vivo study compared fracture resistance of teeth instrumented using 5 endodontic files, filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus.

Materials And Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars were acquired and decoronated to obtain 15 mm segments. These samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10).

Apical extrusion of debris by supplementary files used for retreatment: An ex vivo comparative study.

Aim: This study evaluated whether using supplementary files for removing root canal filling residues after ProTaper Universal Retreatment files (RFs) increased the debris extrusion apically.

Materials And Methods: Eighty mandibular premolars with single root and canal were instrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary system (SX-F3) and obturated. The samples were divided randomly into four groups (n = 20).

Does root canal treatment in necrotic pulp or retreatment cases with periapical lesions require anaesthesia? An in vivo clinical study.

Aim: To examine whether local anaesthesia is required for treating teeth with necrotic pulps (TNP) and retreatment cases (RCs) associated with periapical lesions.

Methodology: Root canal treatment was performed in TNP and RCs without the administration of local anaesthesia. Patients were assured that if they experienced pain, local anaesthesia would be provided.

The efficacy of the Self-Adjusting File versus WaveOne in removal of root filling residue that remains in oval canals after the use of ProTaper retreatment files: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

Aim: The current ex vivo study compared the efficacy of removing root fillings using ProTaper retreatment files followed by either WaveOne reciprocating file or the Self-Adjusting File (SAF).

Materials And Methods: Forty maxillary canines with single oval root canal were selected and sectioned to obtain 18-mm root segments. The root canals were instrumented with WaveOne primary files, followed by obturation using warm lateral compaction, and the sealer was allowed to fully set.

The self-adjusting file instrumentation results in less debris extrusion apically when compared to WaveOne and ProTaper NEXT.

Aim: The present ex vivo study aimed to evaluate the debris extrusion after instrumenting the root canals by three different files systems.

Materials And Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) for instrumentation with three different files. Group 1: WaveOne (primary) single reciprocating file (WO; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (25/08), Group 2: Self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) (1.

The self-adjusting file (SAF) system: An evidence-based update.

Current rotary file systems are effective tools. Nevertheless, they have two main shortcomings: They are unable to effectively clean and shape oval canals and depend too much on the irrigant to do the cleaning, which is an unrealistic illusionThey may jeopardize the long-term survival of the tooth via unnecessary, excessive removal of sound dentin and creation of micro-cracks in the remaining root dentin. The new Self-adjusting File (SAF) technology uses a hollow, compressible NiTi file, with no central metal core, through which a continuous flow of irrigant is provided throughout the procedure.

The diagnosis and conservative treatment of a complex type 3 dens invaginatus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D plastic models.

Aim: To investigate the use of 3D plastic models, printed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, for accurate diagnosis and conservative treatment of a complex case of dens invaginatus.

Summary: A chronic apical abscess with a draining sinus tract was diagnosed during the treatment planning stage of orthodontic therapy. Radiographic examination revealed a large radiolucent area associated with an invaginated right maxillary central incisor, which was found to contain a vital pulp.

From files to SAF: 3D endodontic treatment is possible at last.

3D cleaning, shaping and obturation of root canals has always been the desired goal of endodontic treatment which in many cases is difficult to attain. The introduction of NiTi rotary files made a major change in endodontic practice, making treatment easier, safer and faster. Nevertheless, after 16 years of intensive development, most of these instruments still share several drawbacks, the major one being the inability to three-dimensionally clean and shape oval root canals.

The quality of root canal preparation and root canal obturation in canals treated with rotary versus self-adjusting files: a three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic study.

Aim: The study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the quality of root canal preparation and root canal obturation in canals treated with either rotary or self adjusting files, using three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic (CT) analysis.

Methodology: Pair-matched root canals were instrumented with either rotary nickel-titanium files or self-adjusting files following the manufacturers' instructions. The area of the canal wall unaffected by the preparation procedure was analyzed using before and after micro-CT images.