A technological solution to child safety seat errors: Efficacy of the cellular car seat.

Objective: Although child safety seats are highly effective in preventing injuries, they are frequently misused. Experts have identified two leading "critical misuses": (1) loose harness straps and (2) loose vehicle attachment at the base. We designed an innovative child safety seat system that educates, instructs, and alarms participants of safety seat errors.

Congruency of Crash- and Hospital- Reported Injuries Among Child Passengers.

Introduction: Prior work has found incongruencies in injury information reported by crash and hospital records. However, no work has focused on child passengers. The objective of this study was to compare crash scene and hospital-reported injury information for crash-involved child passengers.

Prediction Accuracy of Soil Chemical Parameters by Field- and Laboratory-Obtained vis-NIR Spectra after External Parameter Orthogonalization.

One challenge in predicting soil parameters using in situ visible and near infrared spectroscopy is the distortion of the spectra due to soil moisture. External parameter orthogonalization (EPO) is a mathematical method to remove unwanted variability from spectra. We created two different EPO correction matrices based on the difference between spectra collected in situ and, respectively, spectra collected from the same soil samples after drying and sieving and after drying, sieving and finely grinding.

Building a socially accountable medical school: A layered analysis of the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine.

Background: If medicine fundamentally exists to care for the wellbeing of individuals and societies, there should be a direct and comprehensive link between a medical school's social mission and its educational programme. We have not found a description of development or reform that utilises social mission to guide the comprehensive development of the educational programme. As a new school, we utilised a systematic mission-driven approach to develop the curriculum, pedagogical methods and structure of the programme.

Driver's Licensure and Driving Outcomes Among Youths With Mood Disorders.

Importance: Mood disorders are prevalent among adolescents and young adults, and their onset often coincides with driving eligibility. The understanding of how mood disorders are associated with youth driving outcomes is limited.

Objective: To examine the association between the presence of a mood disorder and rates of licensing, crashes, violations, and suspensions among adolescents and young adults.

Head Injury Treatment With Healthy and Advanced Dietary Supplements: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy of Branched Chain Amino Acids in the Treatment of Concussion in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Concussion is a common injury in the adolescent and young adult populations. Although branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has shown improvements in neurocognitive and sleep function in pre-clinical animal models of mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), to date, no studies have been performed evaluating the efficacy of BCAAs in concussed adolescents and young adults. The goal of this pilot trial was to determine the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of varied doses of oral BCAA supplementation in a group of concussed adolescents and young adults.

Transcriptomic Response of Differentiating Porcine Myotubes to Thermal Stress and Donor Piglet Age.

Climate change is a current concern that directly and indirectly affects agriculture, especially the livestock sector. Neonatal piglets have a limited thermoregulatory capacity and are particularly stressed by ambient temperatures outside their optimal physiological range, which has a major impact on their survival rate. In this study, we focused on the effects of thermal stress (35 °C, 39 °C, and 41 °C compared to 37 °C) on differentiating myotubes derived from the satellite cells of , isolated from two different developmental stages of thermolabile 5-day-old (p5) and thermostable 20-day-old piglets (p20).

US caregivers' attitudes and risk perceptions towards pediatric vehicular heatstroke: A national survey.

Research Question/objective: In the US, child fatalities in hot cars [i.e., pediatric vehicular heatstroke (PVH)] occur on average once every 10 days.

Variation in drivers' seat belt use by indicators of community-level vulnerability.

Introduction: Examining crash reports with linked community-level indicators may optimize efforts aimed at improving traffic safety behaviors, like seat belt use. To examine this, quasi-induced exposure (QIE) methods and linked data were used to (a) estimate trip-level seat belt non-use of New Jersey (NJ) drivers and (b) determine the degree to which seat belt non-use is associated with community-level indicators of vulnerability.

Method: Driver-specific characteristics were identified from crash reports (age, sex, number of passengers, vehicle type) and licensing data (license status at the time of the crash).

Effect of muscle fibre types and carnosine levels on the expression of carnosine-related genes in pig skeletal muscle.

It is generally accepted that carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) content is higher in glycolytic than in oxidative muscle fibres, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for this difference remain to be elucidated. A first study to better understand potential mechanisms involved was undertaken (1) to determine whether differences in the expression of carnosine-related enzymes (CARNS1, CNDP2) and transporters (SLC6A6, SLC15A3, SLC15A4, SLC36A1) exist between oxidative and glycolytic myofibres and (2) to study the effect of carnosine on myoblast proliferative growth and on carnosine-related gene expression in cultured myoblasts isolated from glycolytic and oxidative muscles. Immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to determine the cellular localization of carnosine-related proteins.

Sociodemographic disparities in child restraint selection and variation in child passenger safety information sources.

Purpose: Marginalized and otherwise vulnerable groups remain at higher risk than their counterparts for not having all of their children appropriately restrained during vehicle trips. Little is known about potential sources of these disparities, however a commonly theorized factor has been where caregivers find or obtain information (i.e.

Motor Vehicle Crash Risk among Adults Undergoing General Surgery: A Retrospective Case-crossover Study.

Background: Surgery causes transient impairment in cognition and function, which may impact driving safety. The authors hypothesized that the risk of a motor vehicle crash would increase after compared to before surgery.

Methods: The authors performed a nested case-crossover study within population-based observational data from the New Jersey Safety Health Outcomes Data Warehouse.

The Variability of Recovery From Pediatric Concussion Using Multimodal Clinical Definitions.

Background: While concussions are common pediatric injuries, a lack of agreement on a standard definition of recovery creates multiple challenges for clinicians and researchers alike.

Hypothesis: The percentage of concussed youth deemed recovered as part of a prospective cohort study will differ depending on the recovery definition.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study of a prospectively enrolled observational cohort.

"No matter what your story is, there is a place for you in science": Students' Ability to Relate to Scientists Positively Shifts after Scientist Spotlight Assignments, Especially for First-Generation Students and Women.

We evaluate the impact of a low-stakes easy-to-implement course-level intervention, Scientist Spotlight assignments, which feature personal and professional stories of diverse scientists. This work extends previous studies by examining whether shifts in relatability differ across student identities, particularly students who identify as first-generation students, a population that has not been the focus of previous investigations of this intervention. Using paired pre- and postcourse data from four implementations in an introductory biology course, we report a significant, positive shift in undergraduate students' self-reported ability to relate to scientists, and concomitant shifts in how students describe scientists after completing four or six Scientist Spotlight assignments.

Distance From Home to Motor Vehicle Crash Location: Implications for License Restrictions Among Medically-At-Risk Older Drivers.

In 30 states, licensing agencies can restrict the distance from home that "medically-at-risk" drivers are permitted to drive. However, where older drivers crash relative to their home or how distance to crash varies by medical condition is unknown. Using geocoded crash locations and residential addresses linked to Medicare claims, we describe how the relationship between distance from home to crash varies by driver characteristics.

The endocytic recycling compartment serves as a viral factory for hepatitis E virus.

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major leading cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis worldwide, many gaps remain in the understanding of the HEV lifecycle. Notably, viral factories induced by HEV have not been documented yet, and it is currently unknown whether HEV infection leads to cellular membrane modeling as many positive-strand RNA viruses. HEV genome encodes the ORF1 replicase, the ORF2 capsid protein and the ORF3 protein involved in virion egress.

The effects of temperature and donor piglet age on the transcriptomic profile and energy metabolism of myoblasts.

Rapid climate change is associated with frequent extreme heat events and the resulting thermal stress has consequences for the health, welfare, and growth of farm animals. The aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptional changes and the effects on energy metabolism in proliferating porcine myoblasts derived from piglets of different ages, representing differences in thermoregulatory abilities, and cultivated below (35°C) and above (39°C, 41°C) the standard cultivation temperature (37°C). Satellite cells originating from of piglets isolated on days 5 (P5, thermolabile) and 20 (P20, thermostable) of age were used.

A systemwide approach to validation of electronic device denominator data.

A multidisciplinary team collaborated to develop and validate a process to electronically capture patient and device denominator data at 6 hospitals in the same healthcare system. Validation was completed within 4-16 months. Manual count errors were identified as the main driver of electronic versus manual discrepancies.

Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussed and Nonconcussed Adolescents.

Background: Few studies have examined psychiatric symptoms during the acute phase following a concussion in adolescents. Thus, this study compares anxiety and depression in acutely concussed and nonconcussed adolescents.

Hypothesis: Acutely concussed adolescents will report greater anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with nonconcussed adolescents.

Influence of concussion history and age of first concussion on visio-vestibular function.

Objectives: To assess if abnormalities on visio-vestibular examination (VVE) are associated with concussion history (first vs. repeat) or age of first concussion in acutely concussed adolescents.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Improving identification of crash injuries: Statewide integration of hospital discharge and crash report data.

Objective: The availability of complete and accurate crash injury data is critical to prevention and intervention efforts. Relying solely on hospital discharge data or police crash reports may result in a biased undercount of injuries. Linking hospital data with crash reports may allow for a more robust identification of injuries and an understanding of which populations may be missed in an analysis of one source.

Real-World Crash Circumstances Among Newly Licensed Adolescent Drivers With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Purpose: Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have 30%-40% higher crash rates. However, we still do not understand which factors underlie heightened crash risk and if crash circumstances differ for drivers with ADHD. We compared prevalences of crash responsibility, driver actions, and crash types among adolescent and young adult drivers with and without ADHD who crashed within 48 months of licensure.

"It Can Be Magic:" Creating Age Awareness Through Contemporary Dance.

Professional dancers typically retire before age 40. Although the physical requirements for dance performance are often considered the reason for retirement, there is an increasing number dance researchers who demonstrate that the idealization of youthfulness on the stage is also a result of complex cultural, social, and economic realities and as such, in need of critique. As a group of mature women dancers who continue to perform, we aim to critique the idealization of youthfulness as a form of ageism in professional dance.

Processing and Subcellular Localization of the Hepatitis E Virus Replicase: Identification of Candidate Viral Factories.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV is a positive-sense RNA virus expressing three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes the ORF1 non-structural polyprotein, the viral replicase which transcribes the full-length genome and a subgenomic RNA that encodes the structural ORF2 and ORF3 proteins.