Prognostic factors to predict postoperative survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Background: There are no generally accepted criteria for selecting patients with recurrent glioblastoma for surgery. This retrospective study in a Danish population-based cohort aimed to identify prognostic factors affecting postoperative survival after repeated surgery for recurrent glioblastoma and to test if the preoperative New Scale for Recurrent Glioblastoma Surgery (NSGS) developed by Park CK et al could assist in the selection of patients for repeat glioblastoma surgery.

Methods: Clinical data from 66 patients with recurrent glioblastoma and repeated surgery were analyzed.

Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of primary CNS lymphoma-a single-center experience.

Background: Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that occurs in the CNS (e.g. brain, meninges, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, or intraocular involvement) in the absence of systemic NHL.

[Intraoperative neuromonitoring during brain surgery].

Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a perioperative method, supplementary to stealth navigation and fluorescence microscopic imaging in brain surgery. It allows cortical and subcortical mapping, hence real time identification of eloquent brain areas through electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. The method allows for functional guidance during both awake and asleep neurosurgery and aids in optimizing the extent of resection of the relevant pathology while preserving neurological function as summarised in this review.

Fluorescein-guided resection of cerebral metastases is associated with greater tumor resection.

Background: Sodium fluorescein (fluorescein) crosses a disrupted blood-brain barrier similarly to gadolinium contrast in contrast-enhancing cerebral tumors. When exposed to light with 560 nm wavelength during surgery, fluorescein emits a yellow-green fluorescent light that can be visualized through an operating microscope equipped with an appropriate emission filter. The distribution of the fluorescence correlates with the contrast on a gadolinium contrast-enhanced MRI.

[Primary central nervous system lymphomas].

In this review, we discuss primary central nervous system lymphomas: a rare type of tumours confined to the central nervous system. The disease is associated with a poor prognosis, which, however, generally has seen steady improvement over the last four decades, particularly in the younger population. Modern surgical techniques are reserved for diagnosis and has no place in the treatment, which mainly relies on high-dose polychemotherapy treatment regimes with methotrexate as the backbone.

The risk of developing seizures before and after surgery for brain metastases.

Objective: Several risk factors have been shown to be associated with pre- and postoperative seizures in patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention for meningiomas and other primary brain tumors. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with pre- and postoperative seizures in patients undergoing surgery for brain metastases (BM).

Patients And Methods: 286 patients who had undergone neurosurgical resection for brain metastases between 2007 and 2015 were included in this single-center retrospective cohort.

Sodium fluorescein shows high surgeon-reported usability in glioblastoma surgery.

Introduction: Glioblastoma has a high mortality rate. Current treatment includes largest possible surgical resection of the tumour using neuronavigation and fluorescence to better identify tumour tissue. In recent years, sodium fluorescein has been reintroduced in neurosurgery as a fluorescence to increase the resection rate.

Comparison of 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium fluorescein for intraoperative tumor visualization in patients with high-grade gliomas: a single-center retrospective study.

Objective: Maximal safe resection is an important surgical goal in the treatment for high-grade gliomas. Fluorescent dyes help the surgeon to distinguish malignant tissue from healthy. The aims of this study were 1) to compare the 2 fluorescent dyes 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and sodium fluorescein (fluorescein) regarding extent of resection, progression-free survival, and overall survival; and 2) to assess the influence of other risk factors on clinical outcome and screen for potential disadvantages of the dyes.

Frameless stereotactic neuronavigated biopsy: A retrospective study of morbidity, diagnostic yield, and the potential of fluorescence: A single-center clinical investigation.

Objective: The primary objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and morbidity/mortality associated with frameless stereotactic neuronavigated intracranial biopsies with and without the use of fluorescein.

Patients And Methods: Patient cases from January 2007 to December 2017 were identified using the ICD-10 procedure code AAG00. Relevant clinical data, including histological diagnosis, were collected retrospectively from the electronic patient charts and independently reviewed by two authors.

Early postoperative MRI after resection of brain metastases-complete tumour resection associated with prolonged survival.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of residual tumour after resection of brain metastases using early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the influence of residual tumour on overall patient survival.

Methods: Data from 72 consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for cerebral metastases over an 18-month study period were retrospectively collected. Early postoperative MRI was used to determine the presence of postoperative residual tumour.

[Fluorescence-guided resection of cerebral tumours].

Traditionally, cerebral tumours were operated through a microscope under white light. In recent years, MRI used for peroperative navigation and techniques of colour-visualising the malignant tissue have made resection more precise, radical and safe. However, 5-aminolevulinic acid has been shown to increase neurological deficit due to supramarginal resection.

Patterns of cerebral tissue oxygen tension and cytoplasmic redox state in bacterial meningitis.

Background: Compromised cerebral energy metabolism is common in patients with bacterial meningitis. In this study, simultaneous measurements of cerebral oxygen tension and lactate/pyruvate ratio were compared to explore whether disturbed energy metabolism was usually caused by insufficient tissue oxygenation or compromised oxidative metabolism of pyruvate indicating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Subject And Methods: Ten consecutive patients with severe streptococcus meningitis were included in this prospective cohort study.

The risk of developing seizures before and after primary brain surgery of low- and high-grade gliomas.

Objective: To identify risk factors for developing seizures pre- and postoperatively in low- and high-grade gliomas.

Patients And Methods: 282 patients undergoing neurosurgical tumor resection between 2013-2015 were included in the present single-center retrospective cohort study. Seizure incidences according to various variables were described.

Use of intracranial pressure monitoring in bacterial meningitis: a 10-year follow up on outcome and intracranial pressure versus head CT scans.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with severe bacterial meningitis where intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been performed.

Methods: A retrospective observational study including patients admitted 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2014. Thirty nine patients age 18-89 years were included.

Shift of microRNA profile upon orthotopic xenografting of glioblastoma spheroid cultures.

Glioblastomas always recur despite surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A key player in the therapeutic resistance may be immature tumor cells with stem-like properties (TSCs) escaping conventional treatment. A group of promising molecular targets are microRNAs (miRs).

[Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis].

Thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses most often affects younger adults. Headache is a common complaint and can be accom­panied by vomiting and papilloedema. The diagnosis rests on magnetic resonance imaging and the treatment consists of heparin or low-molecular weight heparin followed by vitamin K antagonists for three months or more.

Convection-enhanced delivery of an anti-miR is well-tolerated, preserves anti-miR stability and causes efficient target de-repression: a proof of concept.

Over-expressed microRNAs (miRs) are promising new targets in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. Inhibition of over-expressed miRs has been shown to diminish GBM proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, indicating a significant therapeutic potential. However, the methods utilized for miR inhibition have had low translational potential.

Estimation of Tumor Volumes by 11C-MeAIB and 18F-FDG PET in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Rat Model.

Unlabelled: Brain tumor volume assessment is a major challenge. Molecular imaging using PET may be a promising option because it reflects the biologically active cells. We compared the agreement between PET- and histology-derived tumor volumes in an orthotopic glioblastoma rat model with a noninfiltrating (U87MG) and an infiltrating (T87) tumor phenotype using 2 different radiotracers, 2 different image reconstruction algorithms, parametric imaging, and 2 different image segmentation techniques.

[Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis].

Thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses most often affects younger adults. Headache is a common complaint and can be accompanied by vomiting and papilloedema. The diagnosis rests on magnetic resonance imaging and the treatment consists of heparin or low-molecular weight heparin followed by vitamin K antagonists for three months or more.

Bedside evaluation of cerebral energy metabolism in severe community-acquired bacterial meningitis.

Background: Mortality and morbidity have remained high in bacterial meningitis. Impairment of cerebral energy metabolism probably contributes to unfavorable outcome. Intracerebral microdialysis is routinely used to monitor cerebral energy metabolism, and recent experimental studies indicate that this technique may separate ischemia and non-ischemic mitochondrial dysfunction.

[New glioma therapy using specific microRNAs].

Recent research has revealed the existence of a class of small non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs. These microRNAs are deregulated in various cancers including gliomas. MicroRNAs have been suggested to be important in cancer stem cell biology and in proliferation and chemosensitivity of cancer cells.

Comparison between cerebral tissue oxygen tension and energy metabolism in experimental subdural hematoma.

Background: An experimental swine model (n = 7) simulating an acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) was employed (1) to explore the relation between the brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO(2)) and the regional cerebral energy metabolism as obtained by microdialysis, and (2) to define the lowest level of PbtO(2) compatible with intact energy metabolism.

Methods: ASDH was produced by infusion of 7 ml of autologous blood (infusion rate 0.5 ml/min) by a catheter placed subdurally.

Delayed neurological deficits detected by an ischemic pattern in the extracellular cerebral metabolites in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Object: In the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), early occlusion of the aneurysm is necessary as well as monitoring and treatment of complications following the primary bleeding episode. Monitoring with microdialysis has been studied for its ability to indicate and predict the occurrence of delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs) in patients with SAH.

Methods: In 42 patients with aneurysmal SAH microdialysis monitoring of metabolites was performed using a 0.