Skeletal muscle protein turnover responses to parenteral nutrition in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and sarcopenia.

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is accompanied by sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of balanced parenteral nutrition (PN) on skeletal muscle protein turnover in ALC. Eight male patients with ALC and seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied for 3 h of fasting followed by 3 h of intravenous PN (SmofKabiven 1,206 mL: amino acid = 38 g, carbohydrates = 85 g, and fat = 34 g) 4 mL/kg/h.

Cardiorespiratory responses to high-intensity skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Augmented skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation may accompany chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The maintained metaboreflex control of mean arterial pressure (MAP) that has been reported may reflect limited evaluation using only one moderate bout of static handgrip (HG) and following postexercise ischaemia (PEI).

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular and respiratory responses to high-intensity static HG and isolated metaboreflex activation during PEI are augmented in COPD patients.

Effect of endurance versus resistance training on quadriceps muscle dysfunction in COPD: a pilot study.

Introduction: Exercise is an important countermeasure to limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. The two major training modalities in COPD rehabilitation, endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT), may both be efficient in improving muscle strength, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life, but the effects on quadriceps muscle characteristics have not been thoroughly described.

Methods: Thirty COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 56% of predicted, standard deviation [SD] 14) were randomized to 8 weeks of ET or RT.

[High physical activity is important in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment].

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have lower activity levels than healthy controls. Loss of skeletal muscle affects COPD negatively, and strengthening of the musculature is probably part of the explanation for the positive effects of physical activity. This review describes the recent literature on restoring and maintaining physical activity in COPD and the importance of maintaining high physical activity levels.

Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD with mild symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Purpose: Most guidelines recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC) levels ≥2, but the effectiveness of PR in patients with less advanced disease is not well established. Our aim was to investigate the effects of PR in patients with COPD and mMRC ≤1.

Methods: The methodology was developed as a part of evidence-based guideline development and is in accordance with the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group.