The impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 on testicular function including insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) in men with mild COVID-19: A longitudinal study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the male reproductive system as it uses angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, which is expressed in testicular tissue, as an entry point into the cell. Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on testicular function, and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) levels have not previously been assessed during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection on testicular function including INSL3 and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen in non-hospitalised men with mild COVID-19.

[Not Available].

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the spontaneous or induced loss of ovarian function in women under the age of 40. POI increases the risk of reduced quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy may be beneficial in POI, but some women have contraindications.

[Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and the impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system].

This article reviews the current studies published on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and the potential effect of COVID-19 on male fertility. The aim was to provide insight into different possible mechanisms of involvement of the male reproductive system by SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate the studies investigating the presence of virus in semen. It is concluded that the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through semen is low and that COVID-19 may negatively affect semen parameters, but that the impairment is probably short-termed.

[Intrauterine insemination with or without ovarian stimulation is often a first-choice treatment for infertility].

In Denmark, intrauterine insemination (IUI) with or without ovarian stimulation is a common treatment for infertility. If strict cancellation criteria are met to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies in ovarian stimulation cycles, IUI can be considered safe, less invasive and less costly compared to in vitro fertilisation. In 2019, a total of 9,322 homologous IUIs and 8,433 IUIs using donor sperm were performed in Denmark, and 2,000 children were expected to be born after the use of IUI.

[Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome].

Since 2004, the Rotterdam criteria have been used in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), requiring the presence of two of the following three criteria: oligo-/anovulation, hyperandrogenism or polycystic ovaries. Reports of high prevalences of polycystic ovaries in younger women have caused concerns about overdiagnosis. Recently, the international guideline for PCOS has recommended raising the follicle threshold for polycystic ovaries and avoiding ultrasound in adolescents.

Individualised gonadotrophin ovulation induction in women with normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility: A prospective, observational study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate an individualised gonadotrophin starting dose regimen for women with anovulatory infertility.

Study Design: We included 71 normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertile women in a prospective, observational study. All underwent one ovulation induction cycle in a flexible, low-dose step-up protocol.

Mono-ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a clinical review on ovulation induction.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. The treatment approaches to ovulation induction vary in efficacy, treatment duration and patient friendliness. The aim was to determine the most efficient, evidence-based method to achieve mono-ovulation in women diagnosed with PCOS.

Revised criteria for PCOS in WHO Group II anovulatory infertility - a revival of hypothalamic amenorrhoea?

Objective: To evaluate revised criteria for polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in anovulatory infertility.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Patients: WHO Group II anovulatory infertile women (n = 75).

Phthalate excretion pattern and testicular function: a study of 881 healthy Danish men.

Background: In animals, some phthalates impair male reproductive development and function. Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent evidence of associations between phthalates and markers of human testicular function.

Objectives: We aimed to provide estimates of the effects of phthalate exposure on reproductive hormone levels and semen quality in healthy men.