B-cell hepatosplenic lymphoma presenting in adult patient after spontaneous splenic rupture followed by severe persistent hypoglycaemia: type B lactic acidosis and acute liver failure.

A patient was admitted to hospital with splenic rupture, four 4 days after colonoscopy was performed following one month's intermittent and aggravating abdominal pain. During recovery from splenectomy, the patient developed sudden tachycardic and tachypnoea. A blood sample revealed a very low blood glucose, high lactate and acidaemia.

Ureteric injuries during hysterectomy-A Norwegian retrospective study of occurrence and claims for compensation over an 11-year period.

Introduction: Ureteric injury is a rare but serious, iatrogenic complication of hysterectomy. The risk depends on indication for surgery, predisposing risk factors, and peroperative conditions. Our aims were to evaluate and learn from compensation claims to The Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE) for ureteric injury occurring during hysterectomies to predict risk factors, time of identification, symptoms, and consequences, and to relate these cases to injuries registered in The Norwegian Patient Registry.

The role of testosterone in menopausal hormone treatment. What is the evidence?

About 40% of postmenopausal women have decreased sexual desire, causing distress. Estrogen therapy attenuates vaginal complaints but has no effect on sexual desire. Although sexual function has been linked to testosterone, there is no clear relation between sexual desire and circulating levels of testosterone.

Availability of doctors in outpatient clinics for substance abuse and for general psychiatry.

Background: Substance abusers and psychiatric patients have a high degree of comorbid somatic disorders, are less frequently treated for their somatic disorders and have a high mortality rate. The objective of this study was to examine the availability of medical doctors in outpatient clinics for general psychiatry and for substance abuse, the presence of routines for medical assessment of all patients and of routine collection of blood samples.

Material And Method: In the period December 2012-May 2013, emails containing five questions were sent to the outpatient clinics in question.

New developments in the treatment of osteoporosis.

The last 25 years have seen the development of a plethora of new, effective agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. These agents reduce the risk of spine fractures by up to 70%, hip fractures by 40-50% and non-vertebral fractures by up to 50-80%. Amino-bisphosphonates, taken orally or intravenously, remain the dominant treatment modalities for osteoporosis.

EMAS clinical guide: selective estrogen receptor modulators for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis and the resulting fractures are major public health issues as the world population is ageing. Various therapies such as bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate and more recently denosumab are available. This clinical guide provides the evidence for the clinical use of selective estrogen modulators (SERMs) in the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

EMAS position statement: Vitamin D and postmenopausal health.

Introduction: There is emerging evidence on the widespread tissue effects of vitamin D.

Aims: To formulate a position statement on the role of vitamin D in postmenopausal women.

Materials And Methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

EMAS position statement: Managing menopausal women with a personal or family history of VTE.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serious cardiovascular event whose incidence rises with increasing age.

Aims: To formulate a position statement on the management of the menopause in women with a personal or family history of VTE.

Material And Methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

EMAS position statement: Managing the menopause in the context of coronary heart disease.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke is the most common cause of female death. Premenopausal CHD is very rare but when women enter the menopause the incidence of CHD increases markedly. CHD presents 10 years later in women than in men.

EMAS position statement: Bone densitometry screening for osteoporosis.

Introduction: Osteoporosis and its consequent fractures is a major public health problem.

Aim: To formulate a position statement on the use of bone densitometry in screening postmenopausal women for osteoporosis and in their management.

Materials And Methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

EMAS position statement: Managing the menopause in women with a past history of endometriosis.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age. The symptoms usually disappear after a natural or a surgical menopause. Estrogen-based hormone therapy is required in women with premature or early menopause until the average age of the natural menopause and should be considered in older women with severe climacteric symptoms.

EMAS position statement: Managing women with premature ovarian failure.

Introduction: Premature ovarian failure (also known as premature menopause) is defined as menopause before the age of 40. It can be "natural" or "iatrogenic" such as after bilateral oophorectomy. It may be either primary or secondary.

EMAS position statement: managing obese postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Obesity is a public health problem, with overweight individuals representing approximately 20% of the adult world population. Postmenopausal status is associated with higher prevalence of obesity, as 44% of postmenopausal women are overweight, among whom 23% are obese. Obesity often co-exists with other diseases, the most important being diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension.

EMAS position statement: managing the menopause in women with epilepsy.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a major public health problem worldwide which is clinically characterized by recurrent seizures.

Aim: The aim of this position statement is to provide evidence-based advice on management of the menopause in postmenopausal women derived from the limited data available.

Materials And Methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.