Dietary Intervention Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms after Treatment of Cancer in the Pelvic Organs.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery for cancer in the pelvic organs. The aim of the present prospective cohort study was to report the efficacy of dietary intervention in patients with chronic GI sequelae to treatment of cancer in pelvic organs and insufficient symptomatic effect of medical treatment. Eighty-eight patients were offered specialist dietitian guidance.

Reduced 3-year risk of hospital admission and mortality after 12-week resistance training of cirrhosis patients: A follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aim: Physical activity confers health benefits in many diseases but remains almost unstudied for cirrhosis. We investigated whether a period of resistance training affects the subsequent long-term risk of hospitalization or mortality among patients with cirrhosis.

Methods: The study includes 39 participants with cirrhosis Child-Pugh class A/B who participated in a prior clinical trial randomized to either resistance training three times per week for 12 weeks or a control group.

Chronic loose stools following right-sided hemicolectomy for colon cancer and the association with bile acid malabsorption and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Aim: Patients treated with right-sided hemicolectomy for colon cancer may suffer from long-term bowel dysfunction, including loose stools, urgency and faecal incontinence. The underlying causes are poorly understood. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the aetiology of chronic loose stools among patients with right-sided hemicolectomy curatively operated for cancer.

Efficacy of FODMAP Elimination and Subsequent Blinded Placebo-Controlled Provocations in a Randomised Controlled Study in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission and Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be intolerant to fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of eliminating and subsequently reintroducing FODMAPs in patients with IBS symptoms as part of the IBD manifestation and to compare the severity of IBS symptoms and pain, bloating and quality of life (QoL). Methods: An eight-week randomised open-label FODMAP elimination with double-blinded, crossover provocations of FODMAP and placebo.

Long-term gastrointestinal sequelae in colon cancer survivors: prospective pilot study on identification, the need for clinical evaluation and effects of treatment.

Aim: The aim of the present pilot study was to describe the type and frequency of long-term gastrointestinal symptoms within a well-defined cohort of colon cancer survivors, their wish for clinical evaluation and treatment outcomes.

Method: A screening survey was sent to colon cancer survivors 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Based on their main symptoms, patients who wished to have a consultation were referred to the gastroenterological or surgical unit of our late cancer sequelae clinic.

Equal efficacy of gastric and jejunal tube feeding in liver cirrhosis and/or alcoholic hepatitis: a randomised controlled study.

Background And Aim: Malnutrition and muscle mass loss are complications in liver cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Hospitalised patients who do not meet nutritional requirements are recommended to be fed enterally or parenterally, but no guidelines recommend a specific type of tube. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of jejunal versus gastric feeding.

Resistance Training Increases Muscle Strength and Muscle Size in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Cirrhosis is often complicated by reduced muscle mass and strength, which limits the ability to perform daily activities and affects quality of life. Resistance training can increase muscle strength and mass in elderly and chronically ill patients. We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether resistance training increases muscle strength and size in patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Use of biologically based complementary medicines in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

Biologically based complementary medicines (BB-CMs) are popular in patients with cancer. However, there are only limited data for BB-CMs in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET). We aimed to identify the prevalence and type of BB-CM use and the association to the nutritional risk score (NRS-2002) in NET patients.

Pathophysiology and management of diabetic gastroenteropathy.

Polyneuropathy is a common complication to diabetes. Neuropathies within the enteric nervous system are associated with gastroenteropathy and marked symptoms that severely reduce quality of life. Symptoms are pleomorphic but include nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, dyspepsia, pain, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and faecal incontinence.

A Single Urine Sodium Measurement May Validly Estimate 24-hour Urine Sodium Excretion in Patients With an Ileostomy.

Background: Sodium deficiency in patients with an ileostomy is associated with chronic dehydration and may be difficult to detect. We aimed to investigate if the sodium concentration in a single spot urine sample may be used as a proxy for 24-hour urine sodium excretion.

Methods: In a prospective observational study with 8 patients with an ileostomy and 8 volunteers with intact intestines, we investigated the correlations and agreements between spot urine sodium concentrations and 24-hour urine sodium excretions.

Clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic bowel symptoms following cancer in the colon and pelvic organs.

Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms are common among patients surviving surgery and/or radio-/chemotherapy for cancer in the pelvic organs. However, little is known about the pathophysiology behind symptoms or the effect of treatment. The aim of the present study was to present the results of clinical evaluation and treatment of patients with chronic bowel symptoms after treatment for cancer in the colon or pelvic organs.

An iso-osmolar oral supplement increases natriuresis and does not increase stomal output in patients with an ileostomy: A randomised, double-blinded, active comparator, crossover intervention study.

Background: Patients with an ileostomy often experience fluid and electrolyte depletion because of gastrointestinal loss. This study aimed to compare how an iso-osmolar and a hyperosmolar oral supplement affect ileostomy output, urine production, and natriuresis as proxy measurements of water-electrolyte balance.

Methods: In a randomised, double-blinded, active comparator, crossover intervention study, we included eight adult ileostomy patients who were independent of parenteral support.

Nutritional status and nutritional risk in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Malnutrition is frequent among patients with malignancies and associated with impaired function, reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Few data are available in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) on nutritional status, nutritional risk, and nutrition impact symptoms (NIS). We aimed to assess nutritional status (NS) and risk, level of function and associations with NIS in NET patients.

[Nutrition and dietary supplement in chronic inflammatory bowel diesease].

Nutrition and food items may improve or worsen symptoms in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Protein malnutrition and vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common, particularly deficiency of iron and vitamin D. Dietary fibres and omega-3 fatty acids are safe, but no evidence supports their use as treatment.

Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy.

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction with neurological and psychiatric changes associated with liver insufficiency or portal-systemic shunting. The severity ranges from minor symptoms to coma. A Cochrane systematic review including 11 randomised clinical trials on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) versus control interventions has evaluated if BCAA may benefit people with hepatic encephalopathy.

A lifestyle intervention among elderly men on active surveillance for non-aggressive prostate cancer: a randomised feasibility study with whole-grain rye and exercise.

Background: The prognosis for men with non-aggressive prostate cancer is good, and several studies have investigated the impact of lifestyle changes including physical activity and diet on the prognosis. Despite positive results in animal studies and a few human interventions with whole-grain rye on markers of prostate cancer progression, the feasibility of trials investigating such dietary changes in combination with physical activity remains largely unstudied. The primary aim was to investigate the feasibility of an intervention with high whole-grain rye intake and vigorous physical activity for 6 months in men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Benzoxazinoids in Prostate Cancer Patients after a Rye-Intensive Diet: Methods and Initial Results.

Rye bread contains high amounts of benzoxazinoids, and in vitro studies have shown suppressive effects of selected benzoxazinoids on prostate cancer cells. Thus, research into benzoxazinoids as possible suppressors of prostate cancer is demanded. A pilot study was performed in which ten prostate cancer patients received a rye-enriched diet 1 week prior to prostatectomy.

Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy.

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction with neurological and psychiatric changes associated with liver insufficiency or portal-systemic shunting. The severity ranges from minor symptoms to coma. A Cochrane systematic review including 11 randomised clinical trials on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) versus control interventions has evaluated if BCAA may benefit people with hepatic encephalopathy.

The Impact of Husbands' Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Participation in a Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention on Spouses' Lives and Relationships With Their Partners.

Background: A prostate cancer diagnosis affects the patient and his spouse. Partners of cancer patients are often the first to respond to the demands related to their husband's illness and thus are likely to be the most supportive individuals available to the patients. It is therefore important to examine how spouses react and handle their husband's prostate cancer diagnosis.

[The effect of lifestyle modification on chronic constipation].

First-line treatment of constipation includes dietary fibre, fluid and exercise. The evidence for these recommendations is, however, scarce. Increased intake of fibre will reduce colonic transit time and improve the frequency and consistency of stools in 50% of patients.

Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy.

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction with neurological and psychiatric changes associated with liver insufficiency or portal-systemic shunting. The severity ranges from minor symptoms to coma. A Cochrane systematic review including 11 randomised clinical trials on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) versus control interventions has evaluated if BCAA may benefit people with hepatic encephalopathy.

[Cinnamon rolls are not associated with admission for toxic or alcoholic hepatitis in a Danish liver referral centre].

Introduction: Cinnamon contains cumarin, which may be toxic to the liver. EU-regulations standardardize the amount of cinnamon in pastry including cinnamon rolls. The aim of the study was to investigate if cinnamon intake from pastry was associated with toxic or alcoholic hepatitis.

Oral branched-chain amino acids have a beneficial effect on manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy in a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Supplements with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) have cerebral, metabolic, and nutritional effects that may benefit patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). We therefore conducted a systematic review on the effects of oral BCAAs compared with control supplements or placebo for patients with cirrhosis and recurrent overt or minimal HE. The quantitative analyses included data from 8 trials (n = 382 patients).

Lactulose, rifaximin or branched chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy: what is the evidence?

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of acute and chronic liver disease associated with severe morbidity and mortality. We performed updated random effects meta-analyses to evaluate the evidence for non-absorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol), rifaximin and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). A meta-analysis of randomized trials showed that, compared with placebo or no intervention, non-absorbable disaccharides have beneficial effects on HE manifestations and prevention of HE episodes.