Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Antibiotics and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Finnish Children: A Registry-based Study.

Objective: To study whether prenatal and postnatal exposure to antibiotics is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.

Study Design: This case cohort study included 2869 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by the end of 2009 who were born between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2008, in Finland and a reference cohort (n = 74 263) representing 10% of each birth cohort. Exposure to antibiotics was assessed in different time periods.

Association between risk of infant death and birth-weight z scores according to gestational age: A nationwide study using the Finnish Medical Birth Register.

Objective: To investigate the association between infant mortality and birth weight using estimated fetal weight (EFW) versus birth-weight charts, by gestational age (GA).

Methods: This nationwide population-based study used data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register from 2006 to 2016 on non-malformed singleton live births at 24-41 weeks of gestation (N = 563 630). The outcome was death in the first year of life.

Gestational age at birth and type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood: a nationwide register study in Finland, Norway and Sweden.

Aims/hypothesis: Children and adults born preterm have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. However, there is limited information on risk patterns across the full range of gestational ages, especially after extremely preterm birth (23-27 weeks of gestation). We investigated the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood across the full range of length of gestation at birth.

Risk of Psychosis Among Individuals Who Have Presented to Hospital With Self-harm: A Prospective Nationwide Register Study in Sweden.

Background And Hypothesis: Recent research showed that young people who presented to hospital with self-harm in Finland had a significantly elevated risk of later psychosis. We investigated the prospective relationship between hospital presentation for self-harm and risk of psychosis in an unprecedentedly large national Swedish cohort.

Study Design: We used inpatient and outpatient healthcare registers to identify all individuals born between 1981 and 1993 who were alive and living in Sweden on their 12th birthday and who presented to hospital one or more times with self-harm.

Maternal Diabetes and Overweight and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring.

Importance: Maternal diabetes and overweight or obesity are known to be associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring, but there are no large studies analyzing outcomes associated with these factors in 1 model.

Objective: To investigate the association of maternal diabetes and overweight or obesity with CHDs among offspring in 1 model.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide, population-based register study was conducted in a birth cohort from Finland consisting of all children born between 2006 and 2016 (620 751 individuals) and their mothers.

Fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children-the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention birth cohort study.

Background: Prospective studies investigating the association among fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are few.

Objectives: In this cohort study, we explored whether the consumption of fruits, berries, and vegetables is associated with the IA and T1D development in genetically susceptible children.

Methods: Food consumption data in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort study were available from 5674 children born between September 1996 and September 2004 in the Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals.

Preterm birth and the risk of multimorbidity in adolescence: a multiregister-based cohort study.

Background: Multimorbidity affects people of all ages, but the risk factors of multimorbidity in adolescence are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine preterm birth (<37 weeks) as a shared risk factor for multiple health outcomes and the role of gestational age (degree of prematurity) in the development of increasingly complex multimorbidity (two, three, or four health outcomes) in adolescence (age 10-18 years).

Methods: We used population-wide data from Finland (1 187 610 adolescents born 1987-2006) and Norway (555 431 adolescents born 1998-2007).

Gestational age at birth and hospitalisations for infections among individuals aged 0-50 years in Norway: a longitudinal, register-based, cohort study.

Background: Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of childhood infections. Whether this risk persists into adulthood is unknown and limited information is available on risk patterns across the full range of gestational ages.

Methods: In this longitudinal, register-based, cohort study, we linked individual-level data on all individuals born in Norway (January 01, 1967-December 31, 2016) to nationwide hospital data (January 01, 2008-December 31, 2017).

Preterm birth and asthma and COPD in adulthood: a nationwide register study from two Nordic countries.

Background: Preterm birth affects lungs in several ways but few studies have follow-up until adulthood. We investigated the association of the entire spectrum of gestational ages with specialist care episodes for obstructive airway disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) at age 18-50 years.

Methods: We used nationwide registry data on 706 717 people born 1987-1998 in Finland (4.

Longitudinal consumption of fruits and vegetables and risk of asthma by 5 years of age.

Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption has been linked to a decreased risk of asthma, but prospective evidence on longitudinal consumption in childhood is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption in childhood and the risk of asthma by the age of 5 years, and to explore the role of processing of fruits and vegetables in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Allergy Study.

Methods: Child's food consumption was assessed by 3-day food records completed at the age of 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, and asthma and allergies by a validated modified version of the ISAAC questionnaire at the age of 5 years.

Preterm birth and the risk of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood: A population-based cohort study.

Background: People who were born prematurely have high risks of many individual diseases and conditions in the early part of the life course. However, our knowledge of the burden of multiple diseases (multimorbidity) among prematurely born individuals is limited. We aimed to investigate the risk and patterns of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood among individuals born across the spectrum of gestational ages, comparing preterm and full-term born individuals.

Improving English reading fluency and comprehension for children with reading fluency disabilities.

In the English language, students who read words accurately but have impairments in reading fluency are under-studied. The associated difficulties they have with comprehending text make it particularly important to delineate effective interventions for these students. Counter to suggestions that these readers need interventions focused on text reading, we examined the effects of a decoding-focused intervention.

Cow's milk allergy in infancy and later development of type 1 diabetes-nationwide case-cohort study.

Bakground: It is suggested that early intake of cow's milk could be a risk factor for type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Further, the different immunological background, gives a suggestion of an inverse relationship for the occurrence of these diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association between cow's milk allergy (CMA) and the risk of T1DM in a register-based case-cohort study.

The risk of complications in second pregnancy by maternal BMI: The role of first-pregnancy complications, pregestational diabetes and chronic hypertension.

Introduction: Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of several pregnancy complications. In the second pregnancy, previous pregnancy and other medical history provide additional information about individual morbidity risk. In this study, we assess the risk of pregnancy complications in the second pregnancy by maternal body mass index (BMI) and evaluate how first-pregnancy complications and preexisting conditions modify these associations.

Perinatal factors and the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence-A register-based case-cohort study in Finland, years 1987 to 2009.

Objectives: Our aim was to clarify previously reported associations and to explore new ones between various maternal background and perinatal factors and the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.

Methods: We identified all children born 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2008 in Finland and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by age 16 years or end of 2009 from the Special Reimbursement Register (n = 6862). A 10% random sample from each birth year cohort was selected as a reference cohort (n = 127 216).

Use of Antiasthmatic Drugs and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Nationwide Case-Cohort Study.

Asthma has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood, but the reasons are unclear. We examined whether the use of antiasthmatic drugs was associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in childhood in a nationwide, register-based case-cohort study. We identified all children who were born January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2008, in Finland and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by 2010 (n = 3,342).

The association between asthma and type 1 diabetes: a paediatric case-cohort study in Finland, years 1981-2009.

Background: The association between asthma and type 1 diabetes, two chronic, immune-mediated diseases, has been of longstanding interest, but the evidence is still conflicting. We examined this association in a large, nationwide case-cohort study among Finnish children, using a novel statistical approach.

Methods: Among the initial cohort of all children born between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2008, those who were diagnosed with asthma (n = 81 473) or type 1 diabetes (n = 9541) up to age 16 years by the end of 2009 were identified from the Central Drug Register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.

Emotion knowledge, emotion regulation, and psychosocial adjustment in children with nonverbal learning disabilities.

Nonverbal learning disability is a childhood disorder with basic neuropsychological deficits in visuospatial processing and psychomotor coordination, and secondary impairments in academic and social-emotional functioning. This study examines emotion recognition, understanding, and regulation in a clinic-referred group of young children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD). These processes have been shown to be related to social competence and psychological adjustment in typically developing (TD) children.

Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Relation to Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index: Population-Based Study from Finland 2006-10.

Background: Overweight and obesity are well-known risk factors for several pregnancy-related complications, but the nature of the association between maternal adiposity and these complications has been less studied. The objective of the present study was to examine the shape and the magnitude of the association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and the risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia of different severity, gestational hypertension, and obstetric cholestasis among Finnish primiparae women.

Methods: Data on all primiparae women who delivered a singleton newborn in Finland between 2006 and 2010 were identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (n = 119 485).