The Human Body's Own Language to be Considered for Safe and Effective Neurostimulation.

Introduction: The general objective of this study was to provide an improved software for safer and more effective neurostimulation therapy.

Materials And Methods: Tulgar implants, employing combined modulation of stimulation synchronized with heart rate, breathing frequency, and position of the patient (HBP), were applied as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for the management of refractory epilepsy in 105 patients who were followed up for 1 year.

Results: Fifty-nine out of 105 (56.

Effects of noise pollution over the blood serum immunoglobulins and auditory system on the VFM airport workers, Van, Turkey.

Noise pollution is a common health problem for developing countries. Especially highways and airports lead to noise pollution in different levels and in many frequencies. In this study, we focused on the effect of noise pollution in airports.

A new neuroimplantable device: the tulgar implant. Initial results of animal testing.

A new neuroimplant system, namely the Tulgar implant, developed to solve the practical problems encountered with the presently available implants, was tested as a spinal cord stimulator in ten sheep. The response of living tissue and technical performance of the new system were evaluated. Electrodes implanted in the low thoracic (T9-10) vertebral levels by means of hemilaminectomy were subcutaneously connected to the passive coil receiver element located in the anterior-inferior chest wall for 28 days.

Psychophysical responses to experimentally induced heat and cold pain before, during, and after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Objective.  The outcomes of different modes of TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) in relieving experimental heat and cold pain were studied. Materials and methods.

Inductively coupled transmission of neuro-active signals: analysis of optimal parameters.

Fifteen parameters that play a role in the optimal transmission of therapeutic signals by inductively coupled implantable neurostimulator have been investigated. For this purpose, at first, a model of the system was constructed from which the system transfer function was obtained. Then, the relationship between the transfer gain and each parameter was evaluated using mathematical equations and a specifically built computer program.

Comparative effectiveness of different stimulation modes in relieving pain. Part II. A double-blind controlled long-term clinical trial.

Part I of our earlier pilot study demonstrated that patients preferred modulated stimulation forms - frequency modulation and burst - rather than conventional continuous mode. To assess whether long-term therapeutic effects validate the immediate test results, this trial was performed in 14 patients with 21 pain conditions. Considering the results of the pilot study, the test stimulator was modified and 4 different forms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation were randomly delivered to each patient who was blind to the modes of stimulation for 20 min.

Comparative effectiveness of different stimulation modes in relieving pain. Part I. A pilot study.

In this pilot study, to assess the optimal stimulation parameters, 3 different forms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation were performed in 27 patients. Conventional continuous stimulation with a constant frequency of 70 Hz, burst stimulation (90 msec trains of pulses with an internal frequency of 100 Hz repeated at 2 Hz, each train consisting of 10 pulses), and frequency-modulated stimulation (continuous pulses changed from 90 Hz to 55 Hz over 90 msec) were randomly delivered to the patients for half an hour in 3 separate sessions. The patients were blind to the modes of stimulation.