The Effect of Using the Lower Limit of Normal 2.5 in Pulmonary Aeromedical Assessments.

Many regulations for aeromedical assessments state that a ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC) of < 0.7 should be evaluated by a pulmonary specialist. The Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference values introduced the lower limit of normal (LLN 2.

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro inhibition of metal complexes of pyrazole based sulfonamide on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II.

Sulfonamides represent an important class of biologically active compounds. A sulfonamide possessing carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties obtained from a pyrazole based sulfonamide, ethyl 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-((5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (1), and its metal complexes with the Ni(II) for (2), Cu(II) for (3) and Zn(II) for (4) have been synthesized. The structures of metal complexes (2-4) were established on the basis of their elemental analysis, H NMR, IR, UV-Vis and MS spectral data.

A novel proton transfer salt of 2-amino-6-sulfamoylbenzothiazole and its metal complexes: the evaluation of their inhibition effects on human cytosolic carbonic anhydrases.

A novel proton transfer compound (SMHABT)(HDPC) (1) obtained from 2-amino-6-sulfamoylbenzothiazole (SMABT) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (HDPC) and its Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) complexes (2-4), and Fe(II) complex of SMABT (5) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques were applied to complexes (2-4). All complexes (2-4) have distorted octahedral conformations and the structure of 5 might be proposed as octahedral according to spectral and analytical results.

Pulmonary nodule follow-up: be careful with volumetry between contrast enhanced and unenhanced CT.

Incident pulmonary nodules are a frequent finding on chest computed tomography (CT) of the lungs requiring follow-up. This case illustrates the importance of taking differences in CT scanning techniques (contrast versus non-contrast enhanced) into account. Comparing nodule size on unenhanced follow-up CT's with initial contrast-enhanced CT may consequently underestimate growth and mask malignant growth rates as demonstrated by our case report.

Synthesis of novel sulfonamides under mild conditions with effective inhibitory activity against the carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II.

Novel sulfonamide derivatives 6a-i, as new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which candidate for glaucoma treatment, were synthesized from the reactions of 4-amino-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl) benzamide 4 and sulfonyl chloride derivatives 5a-i with high yield (71-90%). The structures of these compounds were confirmed by using spectral analysis (FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, LC/MS and HRMS). The inhibition effects of 6a-i on the hydratase and esterase activities of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes, hCA I and II, which were purified from human erythrocytes with Sepharose®4B-l-tyrosine-p-aminobenzene sulfonamide affinity chromatography, were studied as in vitro, and IC50 and Ki values were determined.

Three-component synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel octahydroacridines incorporating sulfaguanidine scaffold.

Novel sulfaguanidines incorporating acridine moiety were synthesized by the reaction of cyclohexane-1,3-dione, sulfaguanidine, and aromatic aldehydes. Synthesis of these compounds was performed in water at room temperature, and their structures were confirmed by using spectral analysis (IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, and HRMS). Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I and II) were purified from erythrocyte cells with affinity chromatography.

Fatal bilateral pneumonitis after locoregional thoracic chemoradiation in a transplanted patient under immunosuppressive therapy.

Background: After thoracic radiotherapy a pneumonitis may occur, mostly confined to the irradiated volume of the lung. In general, it resolves spontaneously without long-term effects.

Case Report: A 68-year-old man was diagnosed with a stage IIIA adenocarcinoma of the lung and was treated with sequential chemoradiation.

Synthesis and characterization of complexes of a novel proton transfer salt and their inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.

A novel proton transfer compound (HClABT)(+)(HDPC.H2DPC)(-) (1) and its Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and two different Cu(II) complexes (2-6) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques were applied to all complexes.

Synthesis and characterization of some metal complexes of a proton transfer salt, and their inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase isozymes and the evaluation of the results by statistical analysis.

A novel proton transfer compound (HMeOABT)(+) (HDPC)(-) (1) and its Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes (2-5) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Complex 4 has distorted octahedral conformation revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Structures of the other complexes might be proposed as octahedral according to experimental data.

Synthesis of novel acridine and bis acridine sulfonamides with effective inhibitory activity against the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoforms II and VII.

4-Amino-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)benzamide was synthesized by reduction of 4-nitro-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)benzamide and used to synthesize novel acridine sulfonamide compounds, by a coupling reaction with cyclic-1,3-diketones and aromatic aldehydes. The new compounds were investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.

Synthesis and characterization of a proton transfer salt between 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and 2-aminobenzothiazole, and its complexes and their inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.

A novel proton transfer compound (HABT)(+)(Hdipic)(-) (1) obtained from ABT and H2dipic and its metal complexes (2-5) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction method has also been applied to 2 and 5. While complex 2 has a distorted octahedral conformation, 5 exhibits a distorted square pyramidal structure.

Synthesis and characterisation of novel Co(II) complexes of pyrazole carboxylate derivated of sulfonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Objectives: Two new metal complexes, diaquabis(4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide)cobalt(II) dihydrate (2) and diaquabis(ethyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate)cobalt(II) monohydrate (4), containing sulfonamide have been synthesized by the reaction of Co(II) with 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (1) and ethyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3), respectively.

Methods: The structures of Co(II) complexes 2 and 4 have been characterised by spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by affinity chromatography.

Synthesis and characterization of phenolic Mannich bases and effects of these compounds on human carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II.

Mannich bases 2a-f derived from 3,4-dimethylphenol (1), formaldehyde and different amines are prepared and subjected to spectral (IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR) and elemental analyses. The inhibition of two human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.

Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of heterocyclic sulfonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Three novel metal complexes of N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-benzoyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide which possess strong carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties have been synthesised. The structure of these compounds has been investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, LC/MS, UV-vis spectrophotometric method and magnetic susceptibility. Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes hCA-I and hCA-II were purified from erythrocyte cells by the affinity chromatography.

Synthesis and characterization of novel dioxoacridine sulfonamide derivatives as new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Novel dioxoacridine sulfonamide compounds were synthesized from reaction of cyclic 1,3-diketones, sulfanilamide (4-amino benzene sulfonamide) and aromatic aldehydes. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by using spectral analysis (IR, H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and mass). Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by affinity chromatography.

Synthesis and characterisation of two novel proton transfer compounds and their inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.

Two novel proton transfer compounds were prepared between 2,4-dichloro-5-sulphamoylbenzoic acid (lasamide) (Hsba) and ethylenediamine (en), namely ethane-1,2-diaminium 2,4-dichloro-5-sulphamoylbenzoate (1), and also between Hsba and 2-amino-3-methylpyridine (2-amino-3-picoline) (amp), namely 2-amino-3-methylpyridinium 2,4-dichloro-5-sulphamoylbenzoate (2). All these were characterised by elemental, spectral (IR and UV-vis), thermal analyses, and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallised in the P-1 and P21/c space groups, respectively.

Synthesis, characterization and antiglaucoma activity of some novel pyrazole derivatives of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide.

Pyrazole carboxylic acid derivatives of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (inhibitor 1) were synthesized from ethyl 3-(chlorocarbonyl)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate compound. The inhibitory effects of inhibitor 1, acetazolamide (AAZ) and of 11 newly synthesized amides (5a-b, 6, 7a-g, and 8) on hydratase and esterase activities of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) have been studied in vitro. The comparison of newly synthesized amides to inhibitor 1 and to AAZ indicated that the new derivatives inhibit CA isoenzymes and they are more potent inhibitors than the parent inhibitor 1 and AAZ.

Synthesis of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulphonamide derivatives and their inhibition effects on human carbonic anhydrase isozymes.

In this study, some novel inhibitors were synthesised from the further stage reactions of 4-benzoyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl chloride with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulphonamide 1 (inhibitor 1). They were characterised by elemental and spectral (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR) analyses. Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by affinity chromatography.

Synthesis, characterization and antiglaucoma activity of a novel proton transfer compound and a mixed-ligand Zn(II) complex.

A novel proton transfer compound, pyridin-2-ylmethanaminium 2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoate (1), and a mixed-ligand Zn(II) complex, bis(2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoate)(2-aminomethylpyridine)aquazinc(II) monohydrate (2), have been synthesized from the same free ligands, which are 2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid (Hsba) and 2-aminomethylpyridine (amp). They have been characterized by elemental, spectral ((1)H NMR, IR and UV-vis.) and thermal analyses.

Effects of new 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide derivatives on human carbonic anhydrase isozymes.

Pyrazole carboxylic acid amides of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide 1 (inhibitor 1) were synthesized from 4-benzoyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl chloride and 4-benzoyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl chloride compounds. Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by the affinity chromatography. The inhibitory effects of inhibitor 1, acetazolamide (AAZ), and of 16 newly synthesized amides (8-11, 12a-f, 13a-c, 14a-b, and 15) on hydratase and esterase activities of these isoenzymes have been studied in vitro.

The comparison of heavy metal accumulation ratios of some fish species in Enne Dame Lake (Kütahya/Turkey).

The metal accumulation levels for muscle, skin, gill, liver and intestine tissues of some Cyprinidae species (Carassius carassius, Condrostoma nasus, Leuciscus cephalus and Alburnus alburnus) in Enne Dame Lake (Kütahya/Turkey), which is mostly fed by hot spring waters, were investigated. Analyses were performed for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), chrome (Cr) and boron (B) using inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and cadmium (Cd) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) utilizing microwave digestion techniques. The concentrations of the heavy metals found in the fish varied in the follow ing ranges: Cu: < DL-7.

Topiramate and vitamin e modulate antioxidant enzyme activities, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in pentylenetetrazol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Previous studies have shown that generation of free radicals is increased following pentylenetetrazol kindling, due to increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. Topiramate, a voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor, has an evident effect in the treatment of childhood epilepsy; however, topiramate may cause nephrotoxicity. We investigated the effects of topiramate and vitamin E administration on pentylenetetrazol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by evaluation of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase values.

Amide derivatives with pyrazole carboxylic acids of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole 2-sulfonamide as new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and investigation of inhibitory effects.

Pyrazole carboxylic acid amides of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide were synthesized from 4-benzoyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl chloride and 4-benzoyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl chloride. Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA-I and hCA-II) were purified from human erythrocyte cells by the affinity chromatography method. The inhibitory effects of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide 1, acetazolamide 2 and new synthesized amides on these isozymes have been studied in vitro.

Investigation of the effects of some sulfonamide derivatives on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phospho gluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes.

In this study, the in vitro effects of some sulfonamide derivatives, which are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, on the enzymes activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phospho gluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase were investigated. For this purpose, these three enzymes were purified from human erythrocytes. Purification procedure composed of four steps; preparation of the hemolysate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200.

Tenoxicam modulates antioxidant redox system and lipid peroxidation in rat brain.

We investigated effects of two doses of Tenoxicam, a type 2 cyclooxygenase inhibitor, administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant redox system in cortex of the brain in rats. Twenty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. First group was used as control.