Trial of an mHealth intervention to improve HIV prophylaxis for female sex workers, United Republic of Tanzania.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention on early retention of female sex workers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis services in the United Republic of Tanzania.

Methods: The study involved 783 female sex workers: 470 from Dar es Salaam who were given the mHealth application (app) in addition to standard HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (intervention arm), and 313 from Tanga who received pre-exposure prophylaxis alone (control arm). Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and followed up for 12 months.

"If I die for touching him, let me die": a rapid ethnographic assessment of cultural practices and Ebola transmission in high-risk border regions of Tanzania.

Background: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a rare but contagious disease caused by Ebola Virus (EBOV). The first Ebola outbreaks were reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) before subsequent reported cases in Western and East African countries, including Uganda, which borders Tanzania. Proximity to EVD-infected countries raises the prospect of cross-border transmission, raising alarm in Tanzania.

Early disengagement from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services and associated factors among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a socioecological approach.

Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool when taken as prescribed. However, suboptimal use may challenge its real-life impact. To support female sex workers in their efforts to prevent themselves from HIV, it is essential to identify factors that contribute to early disengagement from PrEP care.

Retention in an mHealth App Aiming to Promote the Use of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Female Sex Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Increasing access to smartphones in sub-Saharan Africa offers an opportunity to leverage mobile health (mHealth) technology to improve access to health care in underserved populations. In the domain of HIV prevention, mHealth interventions can potentially contribute to solving the challenges of suboptimal adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and low retention in PrEP services among populations most vulnerable to HIV acquisition. However, there is a gap in the knowledge about the use of such interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Effect of an mHealth intervention on retention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services among female sex workers: Preliminary evidence of the use of the app in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) applications have been reported to be effective in promoting access and adherence to health services. However, knowledge about their effect on retention in HIV preventive services among at-risk populations in sub-Saharan Africa is limited.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of the mHealth application on retention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Harmful Alcohol Use and Associated Socio-Structural Factors among Female Sex Workers Initiating HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Harmful alcohol use is an important risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity and associated with increased HIV risk and lower uptake of and adherence to HIV interventions. This study aimed to assess the extent of harmful alcohol use and associated socio-structural vulnerability factors among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a key population in the HIV epidemic. Data from a study of female sex workers initiating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recruited through respondent driven sampling were used.

Predictors of mHealth use in promoting adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers: an evaluation of the Jichunge intervention in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: There is evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission, and PrEP is recommended by the World Health organization (WHO) for use by individuals at high risk of HIV infection. However, low adherence has been reported to hamper its effectiveness. Some evidence indicates that mHealth interventions may be a promising way of promoting PrEP adherence.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on tuberculosis infection prevention and associated factors among rural and urban adults in northeast Tanzania: A cross-sectional study.

Almost 10 million of the global population was infected with tuberculosis (TB) in 2017. Tanzania is among countries with high incidence of TB. Although control measures of TB are multi factorial, it is important to understand the individual's knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in order to control TB infection.

Development of a Mobile Health Application for HIV Prevention Among At-Risk Populations in Urban Settings in East Africa: A Participatory Design Approach.

Background: There is limited evidence in Africa on the design and development of mobile health (mHealth) applications to guide best practices and ensure effectiveness. A pragmatic trial for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis roll-out among key populations in Tanzania is needed.

Objective: We present the results of the development of a mobile app (Jichunge) intended to promote adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) in Tanzania.

Entrepreneurship, beekeeping, and health training to decrease community violence in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a pilot study for an intervention trial.

Background: High unemployment rates and limited access to resources, services, and economic opportunities are associated with many types of violence. In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, most violence is experienced by unemployed, poorly educated men between the ages of 20 and 35 years. It is expected that community violence will decrease as the incomes of those most at risk increase.

Knowledge, attitude and practices about dengue fever among adults living in Pwani Region, Tanzania in 2019.

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is currently widespread in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Among the triggers of epidemic include urbanization and internal migrations. Within the past few years, there have been DF outbreaks in Tanzania.

Access to Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Maasai in Tanzania.

Safe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are among key components to prevent and control waterborne diseases such as cholera, schistosomiasis, and other gastrointestinal morbidities in the community. In 2018, there was cholera outbreak in Ngorongoro district that was fueled by inadequate and unsafe water as well as poor sanitation and hygiene. We used an analytical cross-sectional study first to determine the proportion of households with access to WaSH and second to assess factors associated with coverage of household's access to WaSH.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Parents Self-Medicating Under-Fives with Antibiotics in Bagamoyo District Council, Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is a global problem. This extends to medication of under-fives by their parents. In particular, there is currently insufficient information for this problem.

Use of modern contraceptives among advanced-level secondary school girls in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, 2018.

Objectives: To determine contraceptive uptake, reasons for non-use and predictors of use.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among girls in advanced-level secondary schools in the Rukwa region of Tanzania. Using probability proportional to size (PPS), we recruited a random sample of 660 girls out of 1447-targeted participants.

Morbidity and mortality of children aged 2-59 months admitted in the Tanzania Lake Zone's public hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

Background: There is a growing concern about child mortality especially in developing countries. The Government of Tanzania and non-governmental organizations are fighting against diseases like malaria, anaemia, diarrhoea and pneumonia that contribute extensively to child mortality. This was a hospital-based, retrospective cohort study involving 1130 under-fives (excluding neonates) being either discharged from or died in public hospitals of the Lake Zone in Tanzania.

Satisfaction of Patients Attending Public HIV or AIDS Care and Treatment Centers in Kinondoni District, Tanzania.

Satisfaction of care and treatment among HIV patients is one of the important elements for adherence. This study aimed to determine levels of satisfaction and associated factors among HIV-infected patients attending public care and treatment centers (CTCs) in Tanzania. The study was cross-sectional using face-to-face interviews.

Exclusive breastfeeding practices in the Coast region, Tanzania.

Background: Although breastfeeding in general is common and culturally accepted in many sub-Saharan countries, recommended exclusive breastfeeding infants to 6 months is rare. In rural Tanzania, data on infant feeding practices is rare.

Objective: To examine and describe exclusive breastfeeding practices in rural settings (Coast Region) of Tanzania.

Magnitude and factors associated with intimate partner violence in mainland Tanzania.

Background: In Tanzania like in many sub-Saharan countries the data about Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) are scarce and diverse. This study aims to determine the magnitude of IPV and associated factors among ever partnered women in urban mainland Tanzania.

Methods: Data for this report were extracted from a big quasi-experimental survey that was used to evaluate MAP (MAP - Men as Partners) project.

Body-art practices among undergraduate medical university students in dar es salaam, Tanzania, 2014.

Background: Body-art practices are increasing among adolescents and young adults. Although substantial data are available in developed countries, little has been documented about body-art practices in developing countries.

Objective: To determine the magnitude, types and reasons for practicing body-art practices among undergraduate medical University students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Understanding the link between trafficking in persons and HIV and AIDS risk in Tanzania.

The magnitude of trafficking in persons in Tanzania is unknown. Consequently, available information on health risks of persons trafficked for different forms of exploitation is extremely scanty. We conducted a baseline study in eight administrative regions of Tanzania using both qualitative and quantitative methods to generate data on the health conditions of trafficked persons to inform trafficking in persons control measures through HIV and AIDS interventions.

Reported human traffickers' profiles: a key step in the prevention of trafficking in persons through HIV and AIDS interventions in Tanzania.

Objective: a gap in comprehensive knowledge of trafficking in persons and the traffickers exists globally and in Tanzania in particular. Consequently, information on the profiles of human traffickers in the country is tremendously scanty.

Methods: we conducted a baseline study in eight administrative regions of Tanzania Mainland using both qualitative and quantitative methods to generate data in to inform anti-human trafficking health interventions and programs to be implemented in the country.

Sexual practices among unmarried adolescents in Tanzania.

Background: Sexual activities are increasingly changing from the cultural point of view what they used to be. Knowledge of these practices among adolescents may be a basis to create awareness among adolescents on practices that involve risks. This study aims to assess sexual practices among unmarried adolescents in Tanzania.

Homicide death in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2005.

Violence disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. Deeper understanding is needed in areas where little research has occurred. The objectives of the study were to: (a) ascertain rate of homicide death; (b) describe the victims and circumstances surrounding their deaths in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in 2005.