Decoding myasthenia gravis: advanced diagnosis with infrared spectroscopy and machine learning.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare neurological disease. Although there are intensive efforts, the underlying mechanism of MG still has not been fully elucidated, and early diagnosis is still a question mark. Diagnostic paraclinical tests are also time-consuming, burden patients financially, and sometimes all test results can be negative.

Strain and Depot-specific Differences in Adipose Tissues of Obese BFMI Mice.

Background/aim: Obesity is associated with the structural and functional disorders related to the molecules of the tissues, cells, and membranes. This study aimed to examine the alterations in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and metabolic factors and structural changes in inguinal (IF) and gonadal (GF) adipose tissues at the molecular level.

Materials And Methods: The IF and GF tissues of Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred (BFMI) lines namely BFMI852, BFMI856, BFMI860, BFMI861 obese and DBAJ control mouse lines were used for mRNA expression and Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) studies.

Rapid diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma and its discrimination from lung cancer and benign exudative effusions using blood serum.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an aggressive cancer associated with exposure to fibrous minerals, can only be diagnosed in the advanced stage because its early symptoms are also connected with other respiratory diseases. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism and the discrimination of MPM from other lung diseases at an early stage is important to apply effective treatment strategies and for the increase in survival rate. This study aims to develop a new approach for characterization and diagnosis of MPM among lung diseases from serum by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with multivariate analysis.

The structural effects of Vitamin A deficiency on biological macromolecules due to ethanol consumption and withdrawal: An FTIR study with chemometrics.

The structural effects of vitamin A-deficiency were examined on the molecular profiles of biomolecules of male rat hippocampus during prolonged ethanol intake/withdrawal using FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. Liquid ethanol diet with/without vitamin A was maintained to adult rats for 3-months. The rats were decapitated at different ethanol withdrawal times and FT-IR spectra were obtained.

CoronaVac (Sinovac) COVID-19 vaccine-induced molecular changes in healthy human serum by infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics.

From the beginning of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in December of 2019, the disease has infected millions of people worldwide and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Since then, several vaccines have been developed. One of those vaccines is inactivated CoronaVac-Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine.

Discrimination of heavy metal acclimated environmental strains by chemometric analysis of FTIR spectra.

Heavy metal acclimated bacteria are profoundly the preferred choice for bioremediation studies. Bacteria get acclimated to toxic concentrations of heavy metals by induction of specific enzymes and genetic selection favoring new metabolic abilities leading to activation of one or several of resistance mechanisms creating bacterial populations with differences in resistance profile and/or level. Therefore, to use in bioremediation processes, it is important to discriminate acclimated bacterial populations and choose a more resistant strain.

Diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma from pleural fluid by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics.

This study was conducted to differentiate malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from lung cancer (LC) and benign pleural effusion (BPE) from pleural fluids using the diagnostic power of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance mode coupled with chemometrics. Infrared spectra of MPM (n  =  24), LC (n  =  20), and BPE (n  =  25) were collected, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to their spectra. HCA results indicated that MPM was differentiated from LC with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity and from BPE, with 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity, which were also confirmed by PCA score plots.

Structural and functional damages of whole body ionizing radiation on rat brain homogenate membranes and protective effect of amifostine.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of whole body ionizing radiation at a sublethal dose on rat brain homogenate membranes and the protective effects of amifostine on these systems at molecular level.

Materials And Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats, in the absence and presence of amifostine, were whole-body irradiated at a single dose of 8 Gy and decapitated after 24 h. The brain homogenate membranes of these rats were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Structural effects of simvastatin on liver rat [corrected] tissue: Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopic studies.

Simvastatin is one of the most frequently prescribed statins because of its efficacy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, reducing cardiovascular risk and related mortality. Determination of its side effects on different tissues is mandatory to improve safe use of this drug. In the present study, the effects of simvastatin on molecular composition and structure of healthy rat livers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared and Raman imaging.

Effect of thermal treatment on secondary structure and conformational change of mushroom polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as food quality related enzyme: A FTIR study.

In order to understand the conformational changes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which is a food quality related enzyme, after thermal treatment, secondary structure changes of the enzyme were analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and compared with the change in enzyme activity in the temperature range of 25-80 °C. Fourier self-deconvolution, neural network (NN) and curve-fitting analysis were applied to the amide I band of FTIR spectra for detail analysis of secondary structure elements. FTIR analysis indicated that PPO is an α-helix dominating enzyme.

Ionizing radiation induces structural and functional damage on the molecules of rat brain homogenate membranes: a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic study.

Humans can be exposed to ionizing radiation, due to various reasons, whose structural effects on biological membranes are not well defined. The current study aims to understand the ionizing radiation-induced structural and functional alterations in biomolecules of brain membranes using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy using rat animal models. For this purpose, 1000 cGy of ionizing radiation was specifically directed to the head of Sprague Dawley rats.

Vitamin A deficiency induces structural and functional alterations in the molecular constituents of the rat hippocampus.

To date, no structural study has been carried out on the effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on hippocampal macromolecules. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of dietary VAD on the structure, content and function of rat hippocampal molecules was investigated using Fourier transform IF spectroscopy. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: an experimental group maintained on a vitamin A-deficient liquid diet (VAD, n 7); a control group maintained on a vitamin A-supplemented liquid diet (CON, n 9); a pure control group maintained on standard solid laboratory chow (PC, n 7).

Differentiation of Anatolian honey samples from different botanical origins by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy using multivariate analysis.

Botanical origin of the nectar predominantly affects the chemical composition of honey. Analytical techniques used for reliable honey authentication are mostly time consuming and expensive. Additionally, they cannot provide 100% efficiency in accurate authentication.

Epileptic seizures induce structural and functional alterations on brain tissue membranes.

Epilepsy is characterized by disruption of balance between cerebral excitation and inhibition, leading to recurrent and unprovoked convulsions. Studies are still underway to understand mechanisms lying epileptic seizures with the aim of improving treatment strategies. In this context, the research on brain tissue membranes gains importance for generation of epileptic activities.

Investigation of compositional, structural, and dynamical changes of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures on a rat brain by FT-IR spectroscopy.

To accomplish the appropriate treatment strategies of epilepsy action mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures should be lightened. The identification of epileptic seizure-induced alterations on the brain related to their pathologies may provide information for its action mechanism. Therefore, the current study determined molecular consequences of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which is a widely used convulsant agent, on rat brain.

Structural alterations in rat liver proteins due to streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the recovery effect of selenium: fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and neural network study.

The relation between protein structural alterations and tissue dysfunction is a major concern as protein fibrillation and/or aggregation due to structural alterations has been reported in many disease states. In the current study, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic imaging has been used to investigate diabetes-induced changes on protein secondary structure and macromolecular content in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat liver. Protein secondary structural alterations were predicted using neural network approach utilizing the amide I region.

Biophysical and microbiological study of high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of Bovine Viral Diarrheavirus type 1 on serum.

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure application on fetal bovine serum components and the model microorganism (Bovine Viral Diarrheavirus type 1 NADL strain) was studied at 132 and 220 MPa pressure for 5 min at 25°C. Protein secondary structures were found to be unaffected by an artificial neural network application on the amide I region for both untreated and HHP treated samples. FTIR spectroscopy study of both the HHP-treated and control samples revealed changes in the intensity of some bands in the finger-print region (1500-900 cm(-1)) originating mainly from lipids which are thought to result from changes in the lipoprotein structure.

The effects of short-term chronic ethanol intoxication and ethanol withdrawal on the molecular composition of the rat hippocampus by FT-IR spectroscopy.

Background: The numerous adverse effects of ethanol abuse and ethanol withdrawal on biological systems are well documented. Conversely, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological effects is still incomplete. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of short-term chronic ethanol administration and ethanol withdrawal on the molecular structure and function of hippocampal tissue, a brain region important for mnemonic processes and known to be highly susceptible to ethanol intoxication.

Screening of protective effect of amifostine on radiation-induced structural and functional variations in rat liver microsomal membranes by FT-IR spectroscopy.

In this study, the protective effect of amifostine, which is the only FDA-approved radioprotective agent, was investigated against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on rat liver microsomal membranes at molecular level. Sprague-Dawley rats, which were either administered amifostine or not, were whole-body irradiated with a single dose of 800 cGy and decapitated after 24 h. The microsomal membranes isolated from the livers of these rats were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy.

Evaluation and discrimination of simvastatin-induced structural alterations in proteins of different rat tissues by FTIR spectroscopy and neural network analysis.

Statins are commonly used to control hypercholesterolemia and to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Among the statins, Simvastatin is one of the most frequently prescribed statins because of its efficacy in reducing LDL lipoprotein cholesterol levels, its tolerability, and its reduction of cardiovascular risk and mortality. Conflicting results have been reported with regard to benefits (pleiotropic effects) as well as risks (adverse effects) of simvastatin on different soft and hard tissues.

Diabetes induces compositional, structural and functional alterations on rat skeletal soleus muscle revealed by FTIR spectroscopy: a comparative study with EDL muscle.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels due to decreased secretion or effectiveness in function of insulin. Having a role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, skeletal muscle is affected by the absence of insulin in diabetic conditions. This current study reports the application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the determination of macromolecular alterations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat skeletal Soleus (SOL) muscles, which highlight the promise of this technique in medical research.

Using artificially generated spectral data to improve protein secondary structure prediction from Fourier transform infrared spectra of proteins.

Secondary structures of proteins have been predicted using neural networks from their Fourier transform infrared spectra. To improve the generalization ability of the neural networks, the training data set has been artificially increased by linear interpolation. The leave-one-out approach has been used to demonstrate the applicability of the method.