Mutations in the gene KCNV2 encoding a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit cause "cone dystrophy with supernormal rod electroretinogram" in humans.

"Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod electroretinogram (ERG)" is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes lifelong visual loss combined with a supernormal ERG response to a bright flash of light. We have linked the disorder to a 0.98-cM (1.

Intracranial migration of silicone oil from an eye with optic pit.

Background: The origin of subretinal fluid in eyes with optic pit remains controversial.

Methods: Case report.

Results: The authors found that silicone oil, implanted into an eye that developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy after surgery for optic pit-related macular detachment, has migrated into the subarachnoid space.

A proactive treatment approach for eyes with perforating injury.

Background: Perforating injuries continue to have a poor prognosis with less than two-thirds of eyes having at least ambulatory final vision, due to proliferation originating from the exit wound.

Materials And Methods: We developed a new, proactive treatment method, which is applicable in most eyes with perforating trauma. The strategy involves limited, indirect ophthalmoscopic vitrectomy during the primary repair; heavy topical corticosteroid therapy postoperatively; and complete vitrectomy on day 3, including prophylactic retinectomy around the exit wound, evacuation of subretinal blood, laser retinopexy, and silicone oil implantation.

The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system (BETT).

Purpose: To evaluate the international eye injury scene and design a standardized terminology for mechanical eye injuries.

Methods: Surveys of practicing ophthalmologists and an extensive review of the international ocular trauma literature. Development of the Birmingham Trauma Terminology (BETT) using a logic-based approach.

Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane removal for clinically significant macular oedema.

Background: Little has been published on internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal for clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) in eyes not improving following maximal laser treatment.

Methods: Retrospective review of the charts and intraoperative video films of 30 consecutive eyes of 27 patients undergoing vitrectomy, ILM peeling, and gas tamponade by a single surgeon.

Results: The average patient was 52 years old; 56% were males.

Serious eye injuries caused by bottles containing carbonated drinks.

Aim: To analyse serious eye injuries caused by bottles containing pressurised drinks.

Methods: Retrospective review of the databases of US, Hungarian, and Mexican eye injury registries.

Results: In the combined database (12 889 injuries), 90 cases (0.

Intraocular foreign bodies.

The most important rule in treating patients with an intraocular foreign body is that the primary goal of the intervention, while typically including foreign body removal, is comprehensive anatomical reconstruction of the injured eye so that the best possible visual outcome can be achieved. If the ophthalmologist is unable to perform such surgery, the patient should be referred to a facility where the expertise and personnel are available to address all treatable tissue lesions. If the foreign body is in the posterior segment, vitrectomy is usually necessary.

Anterior chamber abnormalities and cataract.

Material occurring in the anterior chamber as a result of trauma may be of little or major significance. The most common finding requiring treatment is hyphema. Close observation and (often surgical) treatment is especially important in patients at high risk: those with sickle cell disease, rebleeding, and elevated intraocular pressure.

The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS).

Only based on a standardized terminology of ocular trauma terms, and using a very large number of injuries treated by a wide variety of ophthalmologists, could a reliable method be developed so that the functional outcome of a serious eye injury can be predicted with reasonable certainty. The authors used the databases of the United States and Hungarian Eye Injury Registries and, with a grant from the National Center for Injury Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, designed such a system.

Epidemiology and socioeconomics.

Ophthalmologists should be responsible for a systemic collection of standardized data on the occurrence of eye injuries. Such a database is the key for designing prophylactic measures to successfully prevent ocular trauma. The USEIR model, whether reporting takes place over the Internet [www.

Choroidal detachment and expulsive choroidal hemorrhage.

ECH occurring during open globe surgery is no longer synonymous with loss of the eye. If the eye is closed immediately (i.e.

Internal limiting membrane removal for traumatic macular holes.

Objective: To evaluate a new surgical technique for traumatic macular holes and to provide epidemiological information for such holes.

Materials And Methods: Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal but without adjuvant use on 17 consecutive eyes.

Results: The hole closed in 100% of eyes.

Ferrous intraocular foreign bodies retained in the posterior segment: management options and results.

Purpose: Analysis of traditional versus comprehensive management techniques for eyes with ferrous IOFBs in the posterior segment.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective review of 30 eyes undergoing IOFB removal by EM and of 34 eyes managed by PPV techniques.

Results: Vitreous hemorrhage occurred commonly (EM group: 40%, PPV group: 50%).

Serious fireworks-related eye injuries.

Objective: To analyze and compare epidemiological and clinical information on serious fireworks-related eye injuries from two affiliates of the United States Eye Injury Registry.

Method: Retrospective review.

Results: In the Eye Injury Registry of Alabama (EIRA) database, 185 of the 4150 injuries (4.

Internal limiting membrane removal in the management of full-thickness macular holes.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of removal of the internal limiting membrane in the treatment of full-thickness macular holes.

Methods: Data were reviewed from a prospective study on 47 consecutive eyes with full-thickness macular holes undergoing vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane maculorhexis, and fluid-gas exchange. No eye underwent repeat macular hole surgery.

The continuous-injection technique to reduce complications during retrobulbar anesthesia.

Retrobulbar as well as peribulbar anesthesia remain relatively risky procedures; retrobulbar hemorrhage and especially globe penetration or perforation can have blinding consequences. Our continuous-injection-technique greatly reduces these risks whether used for retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia. If the ophthalmologist starts injecting the agent while advancing the needle, the fluid pushes tissues away, possibly preventing a hemorrhage.

[Epidemiology of severe eye injuries. United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) and Hungarian Eye Injury Registry (HEIR)].

Background: Both in industrialized and in developing nations, the devastating impact of ocular trauma on society is increasingly recognized. Lacking standardized surveillance systems, however, comparable epidemiological information has not been available previously.

Methods: For several years, the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) and the Hungarian Eye Injury Registry (HEIR) have been collecting data on all types of serious ocular trauma, based on identical operating criteria and using standardized reporting forms.

Terson syndrome. Results of vitrectomy and the significance of vitreous hemorrhage in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: The purpose of study A was to assess the effectiveness of vitrectomy for Terson syndrome. The purpose of study B was to determine the incidence and significance of vitreous hemorrhage in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Design: Study A is a retrospective review of case series.

Intraocular foreign bodies: myths and truths.

Over the centuries, the management of eyes with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) has posed a special challenge to the physician, and the anxiety created by such injuries has never abated. During the past few decades, several new diagnostic tests, IOFB removal techniques, and methods to treat the complications of the injury have been introduced. Nevertheless, old habits die hard: many of the management options that used to be standard are not appropriate any more but have proved difficult to change.