Comparative Genomics Reveals Sources of Genetic Variability in the Asexual Fungal Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum lupini.

Fungal plant pathogens cause major crop losses worldwide, with many featuring compartmentalised genomes that include both core and accessory regions, which are believed to drive adaptation. The highly host-specific fungus Colletotrichum lupini greatly impacts lupin (Lupinus spp.) cultivation.

Pregnancy care experiences for adults with congenital heart disease in the United States.

Background: Research to reduce maternal morbidity due to cardiovascular disease is vitally important in the United States, especially for the growing number of individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) reaching childbearing age. Understanding patient experiences through patient engagement is critical to designing research that is aligned with the needs of adults with CHD undergoing pregnancy.

Methods: This patient engagement project, grounded in human centered design, focuses on the discovering patient and healthcare provider priorities for reducing maternal morbidity in CHD through patient centered outcomes research (PCOR).

Dysfunctional RNA binding protein induced neurodegeneration is attenuated by inhibition of the integrated stress response.

Dysfunction of the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) contributes to neurodegeneration, the primary cause of permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand the role of hnRNP A1 dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, we utilized optogenetics-driven hnRNP A1 clustering to model its dysfunction in neuron-like differentiated Neuro-2A cells. hnRNP A1 clustering activates the integrated stress response (ISR) and results in a neurodegenerative phenotype marked by decreased neuronal protein translation and neurite loss.

Major distribution shifts are projected for key rangeland grasses under a high-emission scenario in East Africa at the end of the 21 century.

Grassland landscapes are important ecosystems in East Africa, providing habitat and grazing grounds for wildlife and livestock and supporting pastoralism, an essential part of the agricultural sector. Since future grassland availability directly affects the future mobility needs of pastoralists and wildlife, we aim to model changes in the distribution of key grassland species under climate change. Here we combine a global and regional climate model with a machine learning-based species distribution model to understand the impact of regional climate change on different key grass species.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adults With Congenital Heart Disease in the Congenital Heart Initiative Registry.

Importance: In the US, there are more than 1.5 million adults living with congenital heart disease (CHD). The Congenital Heart Initiative (CHI) is a digital, online, patient-empowered registry that was created to advance multicenter research and improve clinical care by gathering patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with CHD.

Direct Zeptomole Detection of RNA Biomarkers by Ultrabright Fluorescent Nanoparticles on Magnetic Beads.

Nucleic acids are important biomarkers in cancer and viral diseases. However, their ultralow concentration in biological/clinical samples makes direct target detection challenging, because it leads to slow hybridization kinetics with the probe and its insufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, RNA target detection is done by molecular (target) amplification, notably by RT-PCR, which is a tedious multistep method that includes nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcription.

DEAD box RNA helicase 5 is a new pro-viral host factor for Sindbis virus infection.

Background: RNA helicases are emerging as key factors regulating host-virus interactions. The DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5, which plays an important role in many aspects of cellular RNA biology, was also found to either promote or inhibit viral replication upon infection with several RNA viruses. Here, our aim is to examine the impact of DDX5 on Sindbis virus (SINV) infection.

Short-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of patients treated with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty using a modern-generation implant with a metal-backed glenoid component.

Background: A leading cause of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty failure continues to be glenoid component loosening. Historically, metal-backed glenoids (MBGs) have shown decreased performance compared with polyethylene-backed glenoid (PEG) components. Previous studies have shown that MBG components have higher revision rates and shorter time to prosthetic failure compared with PEG components.

The helicase domain of human Dicer prevents RNAi-independent activation of antiviral and inflammatory pathways.

In mammalian somatic cells, the relative contribution of RNAi and the type I interferon response during viral infection is unclear. The apparent inefficiency of antiviral RNAi might be due to self-limiting properties and mitigating co-factors of the key enzyme Dicer. In particular, the helicase domain of human Dicer appears to be an important restriction factor of its activity.

Patient Engagement in Research: Considerations in Creating a Registry for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Patient engagement is defined as the meaningful involvement and active partnership of patients and key partners throughout the entire research project. This article reviews the importance of developing a patient engagement plan to promote better alignment of research with patients' and clinicians' real-world needs and concerns.

Recent Findings: The Congenital Heart Initiative (CHI) launched in 2020 is an entirely web-based longitudinal registry designed in close coordination with the adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) community it is intended to serve.

A Bacterial and Ganglioside-based Nanoparticle Initiates Reprogramming of Macrophages and Promotes Antitumor Phenotypes.

Macrophages represent the most abundant immune component of the tumor microenvironment and often exhibit protumorigenic (M2-like) phenotypes that contribute to disease progression. Despite their generally accepted protumorigenic role, macrophages can also display tumoricidal (or M1-like) behavior, revealing that macrophages can be functionally reprogrammed, depending on the cues received within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, such plasticity may be achieved by pharmacologic or biologic interventions.

Characterization ofantifungal properties of lipopeptide-producing strains and their proteome-based response to the phytopathogens, spp.

strains are of interest in agricultural applications due to their beneficial interactions with plants, notable through their antimicrobial activity. The biocontrol ability of two new lipopeptides-producing strains ES1-02 and EFSO2-04, against fungal phytopathogens of spp., was evaluated and compared with reference strains QST713 and FZB42.

Brentuximab vedotin plus AVD for Hodgkin lymphoma: incidence and management of peripheral neuropathy in a multisite cohort.

Brentuximab vedotin (BV) in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) is increasingly used for frontline treatment of stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Peripheral neuropathy (PN) was the most common and treatment-limiting side effect seen in clinical trials but has not been studied in a nontrial setting, in which clinicians may have different strategies for managing it. We conducted a multisite retrospective study to characterize PN in patients who received BV + AVD for newly diagnosed cHL.

Attack of the clones: Population genetics reveals clonality of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of lupin anthracnose.

Colletotrichum lupini, the causative agent of lupin anthracnose, affects lupin cultivation worldwide. Understanding its population structure and evolutionary potential is crucial to design successful disease management strategies. The objective of this study was to employ population genetics to investigate the diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and molecular basis of the interaction of this notorious lupin pathogen with its host.

Proteomics-based determination of double-stranded RNA interactome reveals known and new factors involved in Sindbis virus infection.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which depend on the host cellular machineries to replicate their genome and complete their infectious cycle. Long double-stranded (ds)RNA is a common viral by-product originating during RNA virus replication and is universally sensed as a danger signal to trigger the antiviral response. As a result, viruses hide dsRNA intermediates into viral replication factories and have evolved strategies to hijack cellular proteins for their benefit.

Outcomes of patients with limited-stage plasmablastic lymphoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity, commonly associated with immunosuppressed states such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or solid organ transplant. The clinical course is characterized by high relapse rates and a poor prognosis, leading some clinicians to recommend aggressive frontline therapy. However, a specific review of limited stage (LS) PBL patients is not available to evaluate outcomes and justify treatment recommendations.

Multimodal imaging of hemorrhagic transformation biomarkers in an ischemic stroke model.

Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke has devastating consequences, with high mortality and poor functional outcomes. Animal models of ischemic stroke also demonstrate the potential for hemorrhagic transformation, which complicates biochemical characterization, treatment studies, and hinders poststroke functional outcomes in affected subjects. The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke in animal model research is not commonly reported.

Risk of Cancer in a Community Exposed to Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) emissions from a plastic coating industrial source in southern New Hampshire (NH) have contaminated at least 65 square miles of drinking water. Prior research indicates that high levels of PFAS are associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, including an increased risk of cancer. Reports indicate that mean blood serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one type of PFAS, in residents of the exposed community are more than 2 times greater than the mean blood serum level in the US.