The Effect of Intersectionality on Attrition among US General Surgery Trainees.

Objective: To examine the association between intersectionality of race, ethnicity, and sex on retention of U.S. general surgery residents.

Attitudes of physicians and patients toward immediate and intraoperative chemotherapy treatment in colon cancer.

Introduction: We have shown in a Phase I trial that immediate adjuvant chemotherapy (IAC) during surgical resection and immediately postoperative is safe and feasible in patients with colon cancer (CC). IAC avoids delays in adjuvant treatment and has the potential to improve survival and quality of life. We aim to determine patients and providers attitudes toward this novel multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Effect of Specimen Extraction Site on Postoperative Incisional Hernia after Minimally Invasive Right Colectomy.

Background: Incisional hernia (IH) is a known complication after colorectal surgery. Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, colorectal surgery still requires extraction sites for specimen retrieval, increasing the likelihood of postoperative IH development. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of specimen extraction site on the rate of IH after minimally invasive right-sided colectomy for patients with available imaging.

Surgeon Intersectionality and Academic Promotion and Retention in the US.

Introduction: Efforts have been made to increase the number of women and physicians who are underrepresented in medicine (UIM). However, surgery has been slow to diversify, and there are limited data surrounding the impact of intersectionality.

Objective: To assess the combined association of race and ethnicity and sex with rates of promotion and attrition among US academic medical department of surgery faculty.

Discrepancies in Conflict-of-Interest Disclosures Among Physicians Receiving Compensation for Monoclonal Antibody Drugs.

Background: Monoclonal antibody drugs are widely used, highly marketed, expensive compounds. Relationships between these drug manufacturers and physicians may increase the potential for bias in relevant studies.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the rate of disclosures among physicians receiving compensations for monoclonal antibody drugs (MAbDs).

Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Practice Development in Men and Women Surgeons.

Importance: Many early-career surgeons struggle to develop their clinical practices, leading to high rates of burnout and attrition. Furthermore, women in surgery receive fewer, less complex, and less remunerative referrals compared with men. An enhanced understanding of the social and structural barriers to optimal growth and equity in clinical practice development is fundamental to guiding interventions to support academic surgeons.

Social Media: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

The use of social media platforms in a professional capacity has grown and presents unique opportunities for women surgeons. Women surgeons face unique obstacles and challenges compared with their male counterparts. Social media has helped women surgeons create an online community and has provided opportunities for mentorship and professional advancement.

Assessment of Attitudes Toward Initiation of Immediate Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer.

Introduction: Early initiation of chemotherapy after surgery for colon cancer has survival benefits. Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy (IAC) involves giving chemotherapy during surgical resection and immediately postoperatively. This novel approach has been shown to be safe, eliminating delays in adjuvant treatment that could increase the risk of micro-metastatic spread.

Detection of cancer cells and tumor markers in gastric lavage of patients with gastric cancer: Do these findings have a clinicopathological significance and oncological implication?

Although decreasing in the incidence over the last years, currently gastric adenocarcinoma represents the second cause of cancer related-death worldwide. Further knowledge and novel therapies are desperately needed in order to make the prognosis of these patients more acceptable. Infact, even though in recent years numerous staging parameters have been largely studied and unanimously recognized for their clinical and prognostic value, today too many shadows still exist around the capacity to predict exactly the natural history or post-treatment behavior of this cancer even among patients of the same stage.

Analyzing Gastric Lavage of Gastric Cancer Patients: A Prospective Observational Study on Cytopathology and Determination of Intragastric CEA, CA 19.9, CA 72.4, and CA 50.

Objectives: To investigate gastric lavage (GL) cytopathology and immunometric analysis as novel clinicopathologic and prognostic parameters for gastric cancer (GC).

Study Design: In 38 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, we performed a cytopathologic analysis and an immunometric assay of GL using four tumor markers (CEA, CA 19.9, CA 72.

Role of monocytes in cryoglobulinemia-associated nephritis.

Several monocyte-macrophage functions were found to be defective in cryoglobulinemic patients. Nevertheless, monocytes actively phagocytizing cryoglobulins have been frequently found in kidney specimens from these patients. Whether subsequent degradation of the ingested immune material is effective, however, is still unknown.

[Role of food antigens and alcohol in idiopathic nephritis with IgA deposits].

It is generally thought that antigens inducing the formation of IgA immune complexes in primary IgA nephropathy and responsible for mesangial immune deposits are of infectious and alimentary origin. To investigate the possible role of alimentary antigens in eliciting the IgA mucosal immune response we studied the reactivity and the formation of mesangial IgA deposits in rodents following different experimental conditions: a) on gluten-free diet and oral immunization with gliadin; b) on gluten and soya free diet and oral immunization with soya; c) on chronic alcoholic intoxication. We found that oral immunization with gliadin induced the formation of mesangial deposits of IgA similar to those observed in human primary IgA nephropathy.