Fusobacterium necrophorum septic arthritis of the hip: A case-report and literature review.

Introduction: Fusobacterium necrophorum is a rare but significant cause of septic arthritis, typically following oropharyngeal infections in adolescents. This anaerobic pathogen, commonly associated with Lemierre's syndrome, can lead to joint infections, posing risks for severe morbidity if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Awareness and timely intervention are essential for preventing long-term joint damage.

Subspecies Endocarditis and Meningitis in a 62-Year-Old Horse Rider Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The present article presents a case report and literature review concerning the subspecies (SEZ), a rare zoonotic pathogen in humans. The case involves a 62-year-old man with no prior heart disease, presenting with endocarditis, pneumonia, and meningitis following close contact with a horse. The patient underwent urgent aortic valve replacement due to severe valvular damage caused by the infection.

FosA3 emerging in clinical carbapenemase-producing .

Fosfomycin (FOS) is an effective antibiotic against multidrug-resistant , but its effectiveness is reducing. Little is known on the current prevalence of FosA enzymes in low-risk pathogens, such as . The aim of the study was the molecular characterization of a carbapenemase- and FosA-producing collected in Italy.

Perioperative Use of IgM-Enriched Immunoglobulins in Liver Transplantation Recipients at High Risk for Infections: A Preliminary Study.

: Infections frequently occur after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and are associated with increased mortality. In 2018, we introduced perioperative administration of intravenous immunoglobulin enriched in IgM as an optional therapy in recipients at a high risk of infection. This preliminary study evaluated whether this preparation reduced infections in the early post-transplantation period.

Assessing ChatGPT's theoretical knowledge and prescriptive accuracy in bacterial infections: a comparative study with infectious diseases residents and specialists.

Objectives: Advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI) have made platforms like ChatGPT increasingly relevant in medicine. This study assesses ChatGPT's utility in addressing bacterial infection-related questions and antibiogram-based clinical cases.

Methods: This study involved a collaborative effort involving infectious disease (ID) specialists and residents.

Role of Cefiderocol in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Central Nervous System Infections: Real Life Experience and State-of-the-Art.

Cefiderocol is a new molecule effective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. Currently, there is limited evidence regarding the use of cefiderocol in central nervous system (CNS) infections. Data on the cerebrospinal fluid penetration rate of cefiderocol are limited and heterogeneous, and there is no consensus on the dosing scheme of cefiderocol to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

The Interplay between Antibiotics and the Host Immune Response in Sepsis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Sepsis poses a significant global health challenge due to immune system dysregulation. This narrative review explores the complex relationship between antibiotics and the immune system, aiming to clarify the involved mechanisms and their clinical impacts. From pre-clinical studies, antibiotics exhibit various immunomodulatory effects, including the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, interaction with Toll-Like Receptors, modulation of the P38/Pmk-1 Pathway, inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases, blockade of nitric oxide synthase, and regulation of caspase-induced apoptosis.

A rare case of necrotizing fasciitis of the leg in an intravenous drug user caused by .

Background: Intravenous drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of developing skin and soft tissue infections such as erysipelas, abscesses, and less frequently necrotizing fasciitis (NF) or gas gangrene. Rarely, the cause of the infection is microorganisms residing in the oral cavity and can lead to life-threatening infections.

Methods: We describe the case of a 43-year-old man intravenous drug user (IDU) who was admitted for intense leg pain following an injection of cocaine at that site.

Intravenous fosfomycin in combination regimens as a treatment option for difficult-to-treat infections due to multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative organisms: A real-life experience.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of intravenous (IV) fosfomycin as combination therapy for treatment of difficult-to-treat (DTT) acute and subacute infections with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and risk factors associated with 90-day mortality.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, monocentric study enrolled patients treated with IV fosfomycin in combination regimens (≥72 h) for proven DTT-MDR-GNB infection. Multi-variate regression analysis identified independent risk factors for 90-day mortality.

spp. Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection (PVGI): A Multicenter Case-Series and Narrative Review of the Literature.

Background: Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is highly uncertain because of the paucity of reports on this disease.

Association between Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Reactivation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common and is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. This prospective observational study aimed to explore the association between CAPA development and the incidence and prognosis of (CMV) reactivation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. We included all consecutive critically ill adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to three COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs) in an Italian hospital from 25 February 2020 to 8 May 2022.

Vancomycin resistant enterococcus risk factors for hospital colonization in hematological patients: a matched case-control study.

Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) was the fastest growing pathogen in Europe in 2022 (+ 21%) but its clinical relevance is still unclear. We aim to identify risk factors for acquired VRE rectal colonization in hematological patients and evaluate the clinical impact of VRE colonization on subsequent infection, and 30- and 90-day overall mortality rates, compared to a matched control group.

Methods: A retrospective, single center, case-control matched study (ratio 1:1) was conducted in a hematological department from January 2017 to December 2020.

The Association of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein with Bacterial Infections Acquired during Intensive Care Unit Stay in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients.

In COVID-19 patients, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) performance in identifying bacterial infections remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of PCT and CRP with secondary infections acquired during ICU stay in critically ill COVID-19 patients. This observational study included adult patients admitted to three COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs) from February 2020 to May 2022 with respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and ICU stay ≥ 11 days.

Epidemiology and Prevention of Early Infections by Multi-Drug-Resistant Organisms in Adults Undergoing Liver Transplant: A Narrative Review.

Invasive bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplant (LT), especially during the first months after LT, and infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are increasing in this setting. Most of the infections in patients in intensive care unit arise from the endogenous microflora and, for this reason, pre-LT MDRO rectal colonization is a risk factor for developing MDRO infections in the post-LT. Moreover, the transplanted liver may carry an increased risk of MDRO infections due to organ transportation and preservation, to donor intensive care unit stay and previous antibiotic exposure.

A Fatal Case of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Patient: Clinical and Molecular Characterization and Literature Review.

Rare cases of community-acquired pneumonia (PA-CAP) were reported in non-immunocompromised patients. We describe a case of (PA) necrotizing cavitary CAP with a fatal outcome in a 53-year-old man previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, who was admitted for dyspnea, fever, cough, hemoptysis, acute respiratory failure and a right upper lobe opacification. Six hours after admission, despite effective antibiotic therapy, he experienced multi-organ failure and died.

Prognostic immune markers identifying patients with severe COVID-19 who respond to tocilizumab.

Introduction: A growing number of evidences suggest that the combination of hyperinflammation, dysregulated T and B cell response and cytokine storm play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19. IL-6 is one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines and its levels are increased during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several observational and randomized studies demonstrated that tocilizumab, an IL-6R blocker, improves survival in critically ill patients both in infectious disease and intensive care units.

New Antibiotics for Infection: An Update from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid) and the Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA).

is an extremely virulent pathogen that is capable of quickly evolving and developing antibiotic resistance. To overcome this problem, new antibiotics have been developed. Some of these have been licenced for use in clinical practice, mainly for the treatment of adults with acute skin and soft tissue infections, in addition to both community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and nosocomial pneumonia (hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia).