Personalized prediction of tumor response and cancer progression on prostate needle biopsy.

Purpose: To our knowledge in patients with prostate cancer there are no available tests except clinical variables to determine the likelihood of disease progression. We developed a patient specific, biology driven tool to predict outcome at diagnosis. We also investigated whether biopsy androgen receptor levels predict a durable response to therapy after secondary treatment.

Systems pathology approach for the prediction of prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: For patients with prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy, no current personalized tools predict clinical failure (CF; metastasis and/or androgen-independent disease). We developed such a tool through integration of clinicopathologic data with image analysis and quantitative immunofluorescence of prostate cancer tissue.

Patients And Methods: A prospectively designed algorithm was applied retrospectively to a cohort of 758 patients with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.

Evidence of increased endothelial cell turnover in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Objective: We hypothesized that human brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are nonstatic vascular lesions with active angiogenesis or vascular remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we assessed endothelial cell turnover in BAVMs.

Methods: We identified nonresting endothelial cells by use of immunohistochemistry for the Ki-67 antigen.

Abnormal pattern of Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Objective: Human cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are speculated to result from abnormal angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGF-Rs) and Tie-2 play critical roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that the abnormal vascular phenotype of AVMs may be associated with abnormal expression of VEGF-Rs and Tie-2.

Metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma to the skin of a toe.

A 55-year-old woman had a history of prolonged vaginal bleeding. Dilatation and curettage confirmed poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. After hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and 5,040 cGy of postoperative irradiation, lung metastases developed, which temporarily responded to chemotherapy that included adriamycin and cisplatin.

Patterns of immunocytochemically detected Z-DNA in the recrudescing testicular epithelium of the Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti).

Z-DNA has been considered a labile but essential structural form of DNA in recombination and gene expression, two significant activities in mammalian seminiferous epithelium. The present study has utilized the recrudescing testes of Mesocricetus brandti to study in detail the potential Z-DNA sites in specific testicular cell types as detected by an immunoprobe. Testicular regression was physiologically induced by modifying environmental photoperiods and/or temperature.

Prediction of prognosis in primary breast cancer by detection of a high molecular weight mucin-like antigen using monoclonal antibodies DF3, F36/22, and CU18: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.

Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (DF3, F36/22, CU18) were used to monitor expression of distinct epitopes present within a family of mucin-like, breast carcinoma-associated molecules. Primary tumor specimens from more than 190 stage II breast cancer patients were evaluated for expression of the high molecular weight antigens. With a median follow-up of 6 years, patients whose tumors exhibited high immunoperoxidase staining scores (greater than 50% positive cells) with MAb DF3 had a superior disease-free survival ([DFS] 56% +/- 6% v 37% +/- 5% at 6 years; P = .

Tumor localization in nude mice bearing human breast carcinoma xenografts using 111In-DTPA conjugates of monoclonal antibodies.

Biodistribution of monoclonal antibody T43 and its F(ab')2 111In-DTPA conjugates were determined in nu/nu mice bearing human breast tumor and rat pituitary tumor xenografts. T43 localized in the target tumor with tumor/blood ratios of 3.9 (P less than 0.

Increased surface expression and shedding of tumor associated antigens by human breast carcinoma cells treated with recombinant human interferons or phorbol ester tumor promoters.

In the present study we have evaluated the effect of recombinant interferons, including leukocyte (IFN-alpha A), fibroblast (IFN-beta) and immune (IFN-gamma), and the tumor promoting agent 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the expression of tumor associated antigens (TAA) and class II HLA-DR antigens on human breast carcinoma cell lines. The effect of these agents on the shedding of a high molecular weight tumor associated glycoprotein, BCA-225, was also determined. All three interferons and TPA enhanced the expression of the Mr 180,000 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related TAA recognized by monoclonal antibody B1.

Immunohistochemical characterization of fibrin(ogen)-related antigens in human tissues using monoclonal antibodies.

A new approach to study the distribution of fibrin(ogen)-related antigens was investigated using three different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. MAb I8C6 recognizes B beta 1-42 peptide and can react with either fibrinogen or fibrin I; MAb T2G1 recognizes B beta 15-42 peptide and detects fibrin II but does not cross-react with fibrinogen; MAb GC4 reacts with Fragments D/DD derived from plasmin degradation of fibrinogen or fibrin but not with intact fibrinogen. The method can be applied to frozen or Bouin's fixed paraffin-embedded tissues obtained at biopsy, surgery, and autopsy.

Identification and distribution of fibrinogen, fibrin, and fibrin(ogen) degradation products in atherosclerosis. Use of monoclonal antibodies.

Samples of normal and atherosclerotic vessels obtained from vascular and cardiothoracic surgery were examined for the distribution of fibrinogen/fibrin I, fibrin II, and fibrin(ogen) degradation products (Fragment D/DD) by using recently characterized monoclonal antibodies that recognize and distinguish the three molecular forms (MAbs 18C6, T2G1, and GC4, respectively) with the ABC-immunoperoxidase technique. In normal aortas, little fibrinogen/fibrin I or fibrin II was present and no fibrin(ogen) degradation products could be detected. In early lesions and in fibrous plaques, fibrinogen/fibrin I and fibrin II were distributed in long threads and surrounding vessel wall cells and macrophages.

Monoclonal antibodies: their importance to surgeons.

A tremendous technological advance occurred in 1975 when a method was developed to fuse two cells producing a "hybridoma" which secretes a single clone of antibody, having one immunoglobulin (Ig) class, one structure, one affinity, and one specificity for an antigenic determinant. Because monoclonal antibodies are more precise reagents than conventional antisera they open new doors to diagnosis and therapy of disease, and they are useful tools in research. The pathologist uses monoclonals in immunocytochemistry to determine tumor type; the surgeon uses monoclonals for immunosuppression in renal transplantation; the immunologist uses monoclonals to decipher cellular and humoral interactions that could not be appreciated with polyclonal reagents.

The immunocytochemical localization of potential Z-DNA sites in human testicular tubule epithelium.

Z-DNA has been detected in several pro- and eukaryotic cells and possible roles in regulating transcriptional activity and meiotic recombination proposed. The present study examined the localization of reaction product to potential Z-DNA sites in human testicular tubule epithelium from three subjects using an avidin-biotin complex (ABC)-immunoperoxidase method with a specific rabbit antibody previously shown to react with rat spermatogonial nuclei. A total of 46,626 cells were scored, of which 5656 were Sertoli cells.

Immunocytochemical distribution of a breast carcinoma associated glycoprotein identified by monoclonal antibodies.

A glycoprotein, BCA-225 (Mr 225,000-250,000), has been identified in cells and spent medium of clone 11 T47D breast carcinoma cells by three murine monoclonal antibodies, CU18, CU26, and CU46. The antigen was localized in paraffin sections of 167/178 (94%) Bouin's-fixed human breast carcinoma tissues and few other carcinomas (1/8 lung [squamous], 4/4 uterine cervix) in an intracellular pattern, whereas an apical or glycocalyx distribution was seen in several normal tissues, benign lesions, and malignant tumors. Although the immunocytochemical staining patterns observed with these antibodies have many similarities to those described with other previously reported monoclonal antibodies, notable differences include the lack of reactivity of CU18, CU26, and CU46 with lactating mammary gland and with gastrointestinal malignancies.

Multifocal cytomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS.

A 43-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had clinical evidence of multifocal disease of the brain, but computed tomography was negative. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal lesions, histologically proven to be caused by cytomegalovirus. Therapy with 9[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl] guanine (BW B759U) resulted in stabilization of the patient's clinical disease and radiographic improvement of the lesions.

A new complication of AIDS: thoracic myelitis caused by herpes simplex virus.

Progressive thoracic myelopathy occurred in a patient with AIDS. Concurrent opportunistic infections included disseminated systemic cytomegalovirus, aspergillosis, and cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV). At autopsy, immune stains indicated that the myelopathy was caused by HSV type 2 infection of the spinal cord.

Immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in the term human placenta: an attempt to characterize the Hofbauer cell.

The intracellular localization of lysozyme (LSZ) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1Ac), glycoproteins associated with macrophages, was used to confirm the monocytic lineage of the Hofbauer cell and to assess the maturity of its macrophage function. The peroxidase-labeled antigen method was used to localize these proteins, as well as immunoglobulins, light chains, and albumin, in Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 24 normal term placentas. The demonstration of the latter substances was used as an indication of passive diffusion or phagocytosis of serum proteins resulting in intracellular localization unrelated to synthesis.

Properties of retrovirus-like particles produced by a human breast carcinoma cell line: immunological relationship with mouse mammary tumor virus proteins.

Clonal derivatives 8 and 11 of the T47D human breast carcinoma cell line release particles that have the biochemical characteristics of a retrovirus. Particles recovered from cultures of [3H]uridine-labeled clone 11 had a density of 1.18 g/ml and contained 60-70S and 35S RNAs associated with reverse transcriptase activity.

Hepatitis B virus and myocarditis.

Myocarditis may be a serious extrahepatic complication of hepatitis. In this fatal case of serologically documented hepatitis B viral hepatitis, acute myocarditis was present, with histologic features consistent with a viral pathogenesis. Hepatitis B surface antigen was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase methods in small intramyocardial vessels, suggesting that hepatitis B virus infected the heart.

Increased incidence of mouse mammary tumor virus-related antigen in Tunisian patients with breast cancer.

Biopsies obtained from 74 Tunisian women with breast cancer (33 cases), benign breast disease (17 cases), and cervical cancer (24 cases) were assayed for the presence of an antigen cross-reacting with gp52 of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in order to determine the frequency and possible prognostic significance of this antigen in a form of rapidly progressing breast cancer designated poussée évolutive or PEV. Antigen was detected in 23/33 breast carcinomas (70%) but in none of the 41 control specimens. An evaluation of reactivity according to tumor aggressiveness and survival could be performed in retrospect on 29 of the breast cancer patients with a follow-up of up to 11 years.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis: a manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Two homosexual males with the "gay bowel syndrome' experienced an acute unilateral loss of vision. Both patients had white intraretinal lesions, which became confluent. One of the cases had a depressed cell-mediated immunity; both patients ultimately died after a prolonged illness.

Diagnosis of primary breast carcinoma through immunohistochemical detection of antigen related to mouse mammary tumor virus in metastatic lesions: a report of two cases.

Recent investigations have established that approximately half of human breast carcinomas contain an immunohistochemically detectable antigen which is cross-reactive with the 52000-dalton major glycoprotein (gp52) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). This antigen can be localized in paraffin-embedded sections of routinely fixed tissues using heterologous antibodies to gp52 or MMTV. This report describes two patients with metastatic carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes without any clinical evidence of a primary lesion in the breast or elsewhere.