Definition and validation of a system for classifying the undersized Corail femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty.

Introduction: The uncemented total hip arthroplasty relies on a secure initial fixation of the femoral stem to achieve osseointegration. Undersizing of the femoral implant compromises this. Surgeons routinely review postoperative radiographs to assess appropriate sizing, but existing methods of assessment lack standardisation.

A modified technique to extract fractured femoral stem in revision total hip arthroplasty: A report of two cases.

Introduction: The removal of well-fixed broken femoral component and cement mantle can be extremely demanding, time consuming and potentially damaging to the host bone. Different methods have been described to extract broken femoral stem yet this remains one of the most challenging prospect to the revision hip surgeon.

Presentation Of Case: The authors present two cases underwent a modified sliding cortical window technique utilising a tungsten carbide drill, Charnley pin retractor and an orthopaedic mallet to aid extraction of a fractured cemented femoral stem in revision total hip arthroplasty.

Absence of the flexor digitorum longus tendon: an MRI study.

Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) is the primary flexor of the lateral four toes. It is a reliable source of tendon for transfer surgery. We present a case whereby a patient who required a reconstruction for adult acquired flatfoot deformity using FDL as a dynamic structure for transfer was found to have an absent FDL tendon at the time of operation, necessitating the use of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) instead.

Genetic aspects of tendinopathy.

Tendinopathy is characterised by a disorganised, haphazard healing response with no histological signs of inflammation. Research on tendon injuries is limited to the description of the condition and its management, and the pathogenesis is still ill defined. Together with known intrinsic and extrinsic factors, genetics may play a significant role in the aetiopathogenesis of tendinopathy.

A review of epidemiology of paediatric elbow injuries in sports.

The elbow is a common site of orthopaedic injury in the paediatric population. The number of these injuries continues to rise following increased levels of participation in paediatric recreational and competitive sport. Injuries to the paediatric elbow can be classified as either overuse or acute.

VOCCs and TREK-1 ion channel expression in human tenocytes.

Mechanosensitive and voltage-gated ion channels are known to perform important roles in mechanotransduction in a number of connective tissues, including bone and muscle. It is hypothesized that voltage-gated and mechanosensitive ion channels also may play a key role in some or all initial responses of human tenocytes to mechanical stimulation. However, to date there has been no direct investigation of ion channel expression by human tenocytes.

Molecular events in tendinopathy: a role for metalloproteases.

Disorganized, haphazard ineffective healing is a constant feature of chronic tendinopathy. Normal tendon is composed mostly of type I collagen. Tendinopathic tendons, conversely, have a greater proportion of type III collagen, which is associated with tendon rupture.