Role of Sex and Early Life Stress Experience on Porcine Cardiac and Brain Tissue Expression of the Oxytocin and HS Systems.

Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases the risk of chronic cardiovascular diseases and may cause neuroinflammation. This post hoc study, based on the material available from a previous study showing elevated "serum brain injury markers" in male control animals, examines the effect of sex and/or ELS on the cerebral and cardiac expression of the HS and oxytocin systems. Following approval by the Regional Council of Tübingen, a randomized controlled study was conducted on 12 sexually mature, uncastrated German Large White swine of both sexes.

Metabolic Effects of Sodium Thiosulfate During Resuscitation from Trauma and Hemorrhage in Cigarette-Smoke-Exposed Cystathionine-γ-Lyase Knockout Mice.

Background: Acute and chronic pre-traumatic cigarette smoke exposure increases morbidity and mortality after trauma and hemorrhage. In mice with a genetic deletion of the HS-producing enzyme cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE), providing exogenous HS using sodium thiosulfate (NaSO) improved organ function after chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of NaSO during resuscitation from blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock on CSE mice with pre-traumatic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure.

Lung function parameters are associated with acute mountain sickness and are improved at high and extreme altitude.

At altitude, factors such as decreased barometric pressure, low temperatures, and acclimatization might affect lung function. The effects of exposure and acclimatization to high-altitude on lung function were assessed in 39 subjects by repetitive spirometry up to 6022 m during a high-altitude expedition. Subjects were classified depending on the occurrence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and summit success to evaluate whether lung function relates to successful climb and risk of developing AMS.

An empirical study on KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury prediction in the intensive care unit.

Motivation: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that affects a large fraction of all critically ill patients, and early diagnosis to receive adequate treatment is as imperative as it is challenging to make early. Consequently, machine learning approaches have been developed to predict AKI ahead of time. However, the prevalence of AKI is often underestimated in state-of-the-art approaches, as they rely on an AKI event annotation solely based on creatinine, ignoring urine output.

The Effect of Targeted Hyperoxemia on Brain Immunohistochemistry after Long-Term, Resuscitated Porcine Acute Subdural Hematoma and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Epidemiological data suggest that moderate hyperoxemia may be associated with an improved outcome after traumatic brain injury. In a prospective, randomized investigation of long-term, resuscitated acute subdural hematoma plus hemorrhagic shock (ASDH + HS) in 14 adult, human-sized pigs, targeted hyperoxemia (200 < PO < 250 mmHg vs. normoxemia 80 < PO < 120 mmHg) coincided with improved neurological function.

Globus Lucidus: A porcine study of an intracranial implant designed to deliver closed, repetitive photodynamic and photochemical therapy in glioblastoma.

Objective: Herein we describe initial results in a porcine model of a fully implantable device designed to allow closed, repetitive photodynamic treatment of glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: This implant, Globus Lucidus, is a transparent quartz glass sphere with light-emitting diodes releasing wavelengths of 630 nm (19.5 mW/cm), 405 nm (5.

C-Metabolic flux analysis detected a hyperoxemia-induced reduction of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in granulocytes during two models of porcine acute subdural hematoma and hemorrhagic shock.

Introduction: Supplementation with increased inspired oxygen fractions has been suggested to alleviate the harmful effects of tissue hypoxia during hemorrhagic shock (HS) and traumatic brain injury. However, the utility of therapeutic hyperoxia in critical care is disputed to this day as controversial evidence is available regarding its efficacy. Furthermore, in contrast to its hypoxic counterpart, the effect of hyperoxia on the metabolism of circulating immune cells remains ambiguous.

Relation of Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations and Myocardial Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity in Anesthetized and Mechanically Ventilated, Cardiovascular Healthy Swine.

Chronic heart failure is associated with reduced myocardial β-adrenergic receptor expression and mitochondrial function. Since these data coincide with increased plasma catecholamine levels, we investigated the relation between myocardial β-receptor expression and mitochondrial respiratory activity under conditions of physiological catecholamine concentrations. This post hoc analysis used material of a prospective randomized, controlled study on 12 sexually mature (age 20-24 weeks) Early Life Stress or control pigs (weaning at day 21 and 28-35 after birth, respectively) of either sex.

Porcine blood cell and brain tissue energy metabolism: Effects of "early life stress".

Early Life Stress (ELS) may exert long-lasting biological effects, e.g., on PBMC energy metabolism and mitochondrial respiration.

An exploratory study investigating the effect of targeted hyperoxemia in a randomized controlled trial in a long-term resuscitated model of combined acute subdural hematoma and hemorrhagic shock in cardiovascular healthy pigs.

Severe physical injuries and associated traumatic brain injury and/or hemorrhagic shock (HS) remain leading causes of death worldwide, aggravated by accompanying extensive inflammation. Retrospective clinical data indicated an association between mild hyperoxemia and improved survival and outcome. However, corresponding prospective clinical data, including long-term resuscutation, are scarce.

Do cardiopulmonary exercise tests predict summit success and acute mountain sickness? A prospective observational field study at extreme altitude.

Objective: During a high-altitude expedition, the association of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters with the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the chance of reaching the summit were investigated.

Methods: Thirty-nine subjects underwent maximal CPET at lowlands and during ascent to Mount Himlung Himal (7126 m) at 4844 m, before and after 12 days of acclimatisation, and at 6022 m. Daily records of Lake-Louise-Score (LLS) determined AMS.

Modeling of -Based Podocytopathy Using Nephrocytes.

Introduction: Genetic disorders are among the most prevalent causes leading to progressive glomerular disease and, ultimately, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children and adolescents. Identification of underlying genetic causes is indispensable for targeted treatment strategies and counseling of affected patients and their families.

Methods: Here, we report on a boy who presented at 4 years of age with proteinuria and biopsy-proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) that was temporarily responsive to treatment with ciclosporin A.

The prevalence of cardiac complications and their impact on outcomes in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious condition, and a myocardial injury or dysfunction could contribute to the outcome. We assessed the prevalence and prognostic impact of cardiac involvement in a cohort with SAH. This is a prospective observational multicenter study.

Cigarette smoke exposure reduces hemorrhagic shock induced circulatory dysfunction in mice with attenuated glucocorticoid receptor function.

Introduction: We previously showed that attenuated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in mice (GR) aggravates systemic hypotension and impairs organ function during endotoxic shock. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) causes impaired organ perfusion, which leads to tissue hypoxia and inflammation with risk of organ failure. Lung co-morbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can aggravate tissue hypoxia alveolar hypoxia.

The effect of targeted hyperoxemia in a randomized controlled trial employing a long-term resuscitated, model of combined acute subdural hematoma and hemorrhagic shock in swine with coronary artery disease: An exploratory, hypothesis-generating study.

Controversial evidence is available regarding suitable targets for the arterial O tension (PO) after traumatic brain injury and/or hemorrhagic shock (HS). We previously demonstrated that hyperoxia during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock attenuated cardiac injury and renal dysfunction in swine with coronary artery disease. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of targeted hyperoxemia in a long-term, resuscitated model of combined acute subdural hematoma (ASDH)-induced brain injury and HS.

Brain Histology and Immunohistochemistry After Resuscitation From Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine With Pre-Existing Atherosclerosis and Sodium Thiosulfate (NaSO) Treatment.

Background: The hydrogen sulfide (HS) and the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems interact in the central nervous and cardiovascular system. As a consequence of osmotic balance stress, HS stimulates OT release from the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in the hypothalamic regulation of blood volume and pressure. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) represents one of the most pronounced acute changes in blood volume, which, moreover, may cause at least transient brain tissue hypoxia.

A nested case-control study on radiation dose-response for cardiac events in breast cancer patients in Germany.

Background: Previous studies with the majority of breast cancer (BC) patients treated up to 2000 provided evidence that radiation dose to the heart from radiotherapy (RT) was linearly associated with increasing risk for long-term cardiac disease. RT techniques changed substantially over time. This study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent cardiac risk in German BC patients treated with more contemporary RT.

Effects of Sodium Thiosulfate During Resuscitation From Trauma-and-Hemorrhage in Cystathionine-γ-Lyase Knockout Mice With Diabetes Type 1.

Background: Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is a recognized drug with antioxidant and HS releasing properties. We recently showed that STS attenuated organ dysfunction and injury during resuscitation from trauma-and-hemorrhage in CSE-ko mice, confirming its previously described organ-protective and anti-inflammatory properties. The role of HS in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1) is controversial: genetic DMT1 impairs HS biosynthesis, which has been referred to contribute to endothelial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy.

HS in Critical Illness-A New Horizon for Sodium Thiosulfate?

Ever since the discovery of endogenous HS and the identification of its cytoprotective properties, efforts have been made to develop strategies to use HS as a therapeutic agent. The ability of HS to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might be particularly useful in the therapeutic management of critical illness. However, neither the inhalation of gaseous HS, nor the administration of inorganic HS-releasing salts or slow-releasing HS-donors are feasible for clinical use.

Emission of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and methylene dianiline during use of cure-in-place methylene diphenyl diisocyanate-based consumer products.

The aim of this study was to provide realistic isocyanate and amine emission data when using different methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-based polyurethane consumer products. Emission testing (air sampling) of diisocyanates and corresponding diamines was performed in a full-scale controlled-environment chamber during different work operations, such as gluing, mixing and foaming. The polyurethane products used were construction glue, one-component foam and two different two-component adhesives used in parquet flooring.

Human Placental Tissue Contains A Placental Lactogen-Derived Vasoinhibin.

Hormonal factors affecting the vascular adaptions of the uteroplacental unit in noncomplicated and complicated pregnancies are of interest. Here, 4 human placentas from women with and without preeclampsia (PE) were investigated for the presence of placental lactogen (PL)-derived, antiangiogenic vasoinhibin. Western blotting and mass spectrometry of placental tissue revealed the presence of a 9-kDa PL-derived vasoinhibin, the normal 22-kDa full-length PL, and a 28-kDa immunoreactive protein of undetermined nature.