Electrodeposition of CuNiSnS absorber layer on FTO substrate for solar cell applications.

Potentiostatic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were recorded to study the nucleation and growth mechanisms of electrodeposited CuNiSnS (CNTS) thin films from aqueous solution at different applied potentials. The electrodeposition process of Cu-Ni-Sn-S precursors were studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The nucleation and growth mechanism of these films was found to follow a three-dimensional progressive nucleation limited by diffusion-controlled growth.