Immunohistochemical localization of zona pellucida proteins ZPA, ZPB and ZPC in human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse ovaries.

The zona pellucida of mammalian oocytes plays an important role in binding and activation of sperm cells during the molecular events leading to fertilization. The genes coding for the three zona pellucida glycoproteins ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC of various species including mouse, dog, and human have been cloned and sequenced by several groups. However, it has remained a matter of debate as to whether the oocytes alone or in conjunction with the surrounding granulosa cells express and deposit these proteins to form the zona pellucida matrix.

The infection and treatment method of vaccination against heartwater.

The history of vaccination techniques against heartwater and the development of the infection and treatment method are reviewed briefly. Present techniques and their shortcomings are defined and possible areas of improvement discussed.

Field experience with heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium) in cattle.

Observations are reported on 2743 animals immunised against heartwater since 1958. The methods of immunisation and control of reactions are discussed. This procedure is not without risk and 0,83% of the animals died in spite of treatment.