Uptake and cellular effects of PE, PP, PET and PVC microplastic particles.

Humans are exposed to small plastic particles through contaminated food. Such contaminations usually comprise different particulate plastic materials differing in size, shape and surface. Up to now, data on intestinal uptake and adverse effects resulting from plastic particles other than polystyrene are scarce.

An inverse cell culture model for floating plastic particles.

Plastic waste has become a major environmental problem. An increasing number of studies investigate microplastic particles with regard to their uptake and effects in cell culture systems. Individual plastic materials vary in their molecular structure, composition, size distribution, material density, and may also differ with respect to their toxicological effects.

Impact of artificial digestion on the sizes and shapes of microplastic particles.

Current analyses show a widespread occurrence of microplastic particles in food products and raise the question of potential risks to human health. Plastic particles are widely considered to be inert due to their low chemical reactivity and therefore supposed to pose, if at all only minor hazards. However, variable physicochemical conditions during the passage of the gastrointestinal tract gain strong importance, as they may affect particle characteristics.

Ultrasonographic Appearances of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Healthy Turkish Adults Subpopulation: Preliminary Study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess whether there was any relation between age, gender and body mass index (BMI) and nodal forms and vascular type in healthy Turkish adults.

Study Design: Three neck areas in 25 wholesome patients who were aged from 21 to 58 years, were assessed by gray-scale and color doppler ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed using an ALOKA Prosound Alpha 6 (Hitachi Aloka Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) and the images were obtained with a 7.

Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of styloid process: A retrospective study of 1000 patients.

Objective: The styloid process (SP) is a bony projection, located just anterior to the stylomastoid foramen, the normal length of which is approximately 20-30 mm. The length of SP when exceeds 30 mm it is said to "elongated." The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of elongated SP (ESP) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in Turkish subpopulation and its relation to gender and age.