Human mesenchymal stem cell morphology, migration, and differentiation on micro and nano-textured titanium.

Orthopedic implants rely on facilitating a robust interaction between the implant material surface and the surrounding bone tissue. Ideally, the interface will encourage osseointegration with the host bone, resulting in strong fixation and implant stability. However, implant failure can occur due to the lack of integration with bone tissue or bacterial infection.